感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应

doi:10.11821/xb200404009

地理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 557-564.doi: 10.11821/xb200404009

感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应

杨凯,袁雯,赵军,许世远

华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院,教育部地理信息科学重点实验室,上海 200062

收稿日期:2003-12-11 修回日期:2004-04-03 出版日期:2004-07-25 发布日期:2004-07-25
作者简介:杨凯 (1964-), 男, 安徽淮南人, 教授, 在职博士生。主要从事区域水资源与水环境评价方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail: kyang@re.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
教育部博士点基金项目 (20020269014); 上海市青年科技启明星计划跟踪项目 (02QMG1413) 以及上海市生态学重点学科和211学科建设支持项目

Stream Structure Characteristics and Its Urbanization Responses to Tidal River System

YANG Kai, YUAN Wen, ZHAO Jun, XU Shiyuan

School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Geographical Information of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2003-12-11 Revised:2004-04-03 Online:2004-07-25 Published:2004-07-25
Supported by:
supporting project of the Ministry of Education on DoCtorial Discipline, No.20020269014; Shanghai S & T Young-star Program, No.02QMG1413

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据20世纪80年代初以及90年代末上海水资源普查的数据，尝试以水利片作为河网地区流域水系结构的基本单元, 类似Strahler水系分级，采用上海水资源管理信息系统中的河道分级体系作为水系分级方案，探讨了感潮河网地区的水系结构特征及城市化响应。研究表明：(1) 非高度城市化地区河网水系总体上具有Horton表现，反映在非高度城市化地区不同水利片的河道数目及河道平均长度随河道级别呈几何级数变化，不同等级水系的发育具有自相似特征。(2) 城市化是改变感潮河网地区水系结构的重要因素，在高度城市化的城区水利片，不同等级河网水系发育的自相似性特征已受到破坏，其影响集中表现为对河网水系分枝比和水面率的削弱，即高度城市化地区河网水系结构趋于简单，非主干河道减少，河网水面率与城市化水平成反比，反映出城市化过程中未能充分与河网结构保护相协调。(3) 河网水系的结构与功能参数之间具有显著的相关水平，说明河网地区水系形态结构与功能密切相关。由于城市化进程表现为对水面率以及分枝比的削弱，指示水面率和分枝比等指标具有表征城市化对水系结构影响的意义，在河网水系保护和结构恢复过程中应高度重视水面率、分枝比以及河网结构自然度等指标。

关键词: 水利片, 感潮河网地区, 水系结构, Horton定律, 城市化, 上海

Abstract:

Based on the data from Shanghai water resources survey separately conducted at the beginning of the 1980s and the end of the 1990s, taking water conservation zone, which is generally used to manage water resources and prevent serious flood, as the basic unit for stream structure analysis, this paper discussed the characteristics of stream structure and its growth laws under the situation of rapid urbanization in Shanghai. The research showed that (1) Horton law still plays an important role in some areas with relative lower urbanization level, and stream number and average length of stream decrease in geometric series with the raising of stream order. Self-similarity of stream structure lies in different stream orders. (2) Urbanization is the dominant factor changing the structure of river system in urban area. In high-urbanized water conservancy zones, self-similarity properties of stream structure could not be observed. (3) There existed significant relationship between stream structure and its function. Because water area and stream ramification decreased obviously during the proCess of urbanization in Shanghai, it is an urgent task to pay more attention to those indicators such as water area, stream ramification, river naturalness, and try best to maintain the reasonable values for these indicators.

Key words: water conservation zones, tidal river, stream structure, Horton law, urbanization, Shanghai

杨凯,袁雯,赵军,许世远. 感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(4): 557-564.

YANG Kai, YUAN Wen, ZHAO Jun, XU Shiyuan. Stream Structure Characteristics and Its Urbanization Responses to Tidal River System[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(4): 557-564.

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感潮河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应

Stream Structure Characteristics and Its Urbanization Responses to Tidal River System

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