长江干流河道对流域输沙的调节作用

doi:10.11821/xb200605002

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 461-470.doi: 10.11821/xb200605002

长江干流河道对流域输沙的调节作用

戴仕宝^1,2, 杨世伦¹, 李鹏¹

1. 华东师范大学河口海岸国家重点实验室,上海 200062;
2. 滁州学院地理系,安徽 239012

收稿日期:2005-11-23 修回日期:2006-03-07 出版日期:2006-05-25 发布日期:2006-05-25
通讯作者: 杨世伦, E-mail: slyang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:戴仕宝 (1970-), 男, 安徽芜湖人, 副教授, 在职博士生, 主要从事自然地理研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目 (40576043); 教育部创新团队资助项目 (IRT0472); 国家重点基础研究项目 (973) 课题 (2002CB412407); 安徽省高等学校青年教师科研资助计划项目(2005jq1129)

Regulation of the Main River Channel to the Sediment Discharge of the Yangtze Basin

DAI Shibao^1,2, YANG Shilun¹, PENG Li¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
2. Geography Department, Chuzhou University, Anhui 239012, China

Received:2005-11-23 Revised:2006-03-07 Online:2006-05-25 Published:2006-05-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.0576043; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, No.PCSIRT0472; National 973 Project, No.2002CB412407; Program for Young Teachers in University in Anhui Province, No.2005jq1129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用长江干流和主要支流上测站1956~2004年的输沙量资料,对干流未测区域的来沙进行了估计。根据泥沙平衡 (Sediment budget) 概念,对长江干流河道的冲淤对来水来沙的响应以及对入海泥沙的影响进行研究发现,长江干流屏山至大通河道平均淤积速率为88.58×10⁶ t/a,河道淤积占总的来沙量及大通站输沙量比例分别为14%与21%。由于河道淤积,大通站输沙量减少了17.5%。总体来说上游淤积较轻,宜昌至汉口区间淤积严重,汉口至大通区间为微冲。长江干流的河道冲淤与流域总的来沙具有显著的相关关系,但各段河道的冲淤对流域来沙的响应各不一样。上游的冲淤与流域的径流量和来沙量均没有很好的相关性,宜昌—汉口段河道冲淤的变化与宜昌站的来沙具有显著的相关性;影响汉口—大通间河道的冲淤变化的主要因素是流域的来水量,河道的冲淤与大通站径流量的存在显著的负相关关系。三峡水库蓄水后整个长江干流的冲淤形势发生了根本的变化。三峡水库的蓄水运用有效地减轻了洞庭湖的泥沙淤积,同时也降低了洞庭湖的对长江干流泥沙的调节作用;长江上游干流河道淤积增强,中下游河道出现冲刷,但不同的河段表现不一;中下游河道冲刷量小于预测值,三峡水库的蓄水运用直接导致了长江入海泥沙的减少。

关键词: 长江, 冲淤, 输沙, 三峡水库

Abstract:

Based on the data from the Yangtze Water Resource Committee and the estimation of the sediment supply from the ungauged area in the Yangtze Water basin, this paper established a sediment budget of the Yangtze River and studied the responses of the main river channel to the water and sediment supply in the Yangtze basin and the effects on the sediment supply to the sea. The results show that the average accretion velocity of river channel in the Pingshan-Datong section is 88.58×10⁶ t/a, which is 14% and 21% of the total sediment supply from the basin and sediment discharge at Datong station respectively; sediment discharge at Datong station decreases by 17.5% because of the deposition in the main river channel, which is moderate in the upper reach and serious in the middle reach; slight erosion occurs in the Hankou-Datong section. Generally, the erosion/accretion amount has significant relationship with the total sediment supply from the basin but responses of each section of the river channel are quite different. Neither the water nor the sediment discharge has significant relationship with the erosion/accretion amount at the upper reach. The erosion/accretion amount has significant relationship with the total sediment supply in the Yichang-Hankou section and with water discharge at Datong in the Hankou-Datong section. The impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has effectively changed the erosion/accretion pattern of the main channel of the Yangtze.

Key words: Yangtze River, erosion/accretion, sediment discharge, Three Gorges Dam

戴仕宝, 杨世伦, 李鹏. 长江干流河道对流域输沙的调节作用[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(5): 461-470.

DAI Shibao, YANG Shilun, PENG Li. Regulation of the Main River Channel to the Sediment Discharge of the Yangtze Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(5): 461-470.

参考文献

[1] Syvitski J P M, Vorosmarty C J, Kettner A J et al. Impact of human on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global ocean. Science, 2005, 308: 376-380.

[2] Walling D E, Fang D. Recent trends in the suspended sediment loads of the world rivers. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39: 111-126.

[3] Vorosmarty C J, Meybeckc M, Feketea B et al. Anthropogenic sediment retention: major global impact from registered river impoundments. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39: 169-190.

[4] Milliman J D, Meade R H. Worldwide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. Journal of Geology, 1983, 91: 1-21.

[5] Bobrovitskaya N N, Kokorev A V, Lemeshko N A. Regional patterns in recent trends in sediment yields of Eurasian and Siberian rivers. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39: 127-146.

[6] Hay W W. Detrital sediment fluxes from continents to oceans. Chemical Geology, 1998, 145: 287-323.

[7] Syvitski J P M, Peckham S D, Rachael et al. Predicting the terrestrial flux of sediment to the global ocean: a planetary perspective. Sedimentary Geology, 2003, 162: 5-24.

[8] Syvitski J P M. Supply and flux of sediment along hydrological pathways: research for the 21st century. Global and Planetary Change, 2003, 39: 1-11.

[9] Milliman J D. Delivery and fate of fluvial water and sediment to the sea: a marine geologist's view of European rivers. Scientia Marina, 2001, 65(suppl. 2): 121-132.

[10] Siakeu J, Oguchi T, Aoki T et al. Change in riverine suspended sediment concentration in central Japan in response to late 20th century human activities. Catena, 2004, 55(2): 231-254.

[11] Fu Renshou, Yu Zhiying. Variation of runoff and sediment load in the Yangtze River. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2003, (1): 21-29.
[府仁寿, 虞志英. 长江水沙变化发展趋势. 水利学报, 2003, (1): 21-29.]

[12] Ying Ming, Li Jiufa, Wan Xinning et al. Study on time series of sediment discharge at Datong station in the Yangtze River. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2005, 14(1): 83-87.
[应铭, 李九发, 万新宁等. 长江大通站输沙量时间序列分析研究. 长江流域资源与环境, 2005, 14(1): 83-87.]

[13] Yang S L, Shi Z, Zhao H Y et al. Effects of human activities on the Yangtze River suspended sediment flux into the estuary in the last century. Hydrology and Earth System Science, 2004, 8(6): 1210-1216.

[14] Chen Xiqing, Zhang Erfeng, Mu Hongqiang et al. A preliminary analysis of human impacts on sediment discharges from the Yangtze, China, into the sea. Journal of Coastal Research, 2005, 21(3): 515-521.

[15] Yang S L, Zhang J, Zhu J et al. Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response. J. Geophys. Res., 2005, 110, F03006, doi:10.1029/2004JF000271.

[16] Yang S L, Belkin I M, Belkina A I et al. Delta response to decline in sediment supply from the Yangtze River. Coastal and Shelf Science, 2003, 57: 589-599.

[17] Zhang Xinbao, Wen Anbang. Variation of sediment in upper stream of Yangtze River and its tributaries. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2002, (4): 56-59.
[张信宝, 文安邦. 长江上游干流和支流河流泥沙近期变化及其原因. 水利学报, 2002, (4): 56-59.]

[18] Zhang Xinbao. Status and causes of sediment change in the upper Yangtze River and sediment reduction measures: comparison of Jialing River with Jinsha River. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 1999, (2): 22-25.
[张信宝. 长江上游河流泥沙近期变化、原因及减沙对策: 嘉陵江与金沙江的对比. 中国水土保持, 1999, (2): 22-25.]

[19] Schumm S A. The Fluvial System. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977. 1-338.

[20] Qian Ning, Zhang Ren, Zhou Zhide. Fluvial Morphology Process. Beijing: Science Press, 1987. 313-314.
[钱宁, 张仁, 周志德. 河床演变学. 北京: 科学出版社, 1987. 313-314.]

[21] Shi Changxing. Sediment budget of the Yellow River over the period 1855-1968. Journal of Sediment Research, 2003, (2): 1-6.
[师长兴. 1855年以来黄河泥沙输移系统的泥沙淤积分布分析. 泥沙研究, 2003, (2): 1-6.]

[22] Shi Guoyu, Xu Quanxi, Chen Zefang. Analysis on channel scouring and silting and self-adjusting in midstream and downstream reaches of Changjiang River. Journal of Mountain Science, 2002, 20(3): 257-265.
[石国钰, 许全喜, 陈泽方. 长江中下游河道冲淤与河床自动调整作用分析. 山地学报, 2002, 20(3): 257-265.]

[23] Yin Hongfu, Chen Guojin. Sedimentation in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Science in China (Series D), 2004, 34(3): 195-209.
[殷鸿福, 陈国金. 2004长江中游的泥沙淤积问题. 中国科学(D辑), 2004, 34(3): 195-209.]

[24] Xu Jiongxin. Response of channel sediment budget to flow and sediment inputs: an example of the Yichang-Wuhan reach, Yangtze River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(2): 337-348.
[许炯心. 长江宜昌-武汉河段泥沙年冲淤量对水沙变化的响应. 地理学报, 2005, 60(2): 337-348.]

[25] Fu Renshou, Qi Meilan, Fang Hongwei et al. Sediment transport characteristics of Yangtze River in river section from Yichang to Hankou. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2005, 36(1): 35-41.
[府仁寿, 齐梅兰, 方红卫等. 长江宜昌至汉口河段输沙特性分析. 水利学报, 2005, 36(1): 35-41.]

[26] WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature) China Web. http://www.wwfchina.org/dshy/shidi/wetdata5.htm

[27] Dai Shibao, Yang Shilun, Zhu Jun et al. The role of Lake Dongting in regulating sediment budget of the Yangtze River. Hydrology and Earth System Science, 2005, 9(6): 692-698.

[28] http://220.180.199.164/AQHB/AQESP/THESIS/20050414230519678.shtml

[29] http://www.xishui.org/news/Print.Asp?ID=49

[30] Dai Shibao, Yang Shilun, Zhao Huayun et al. Response of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River to the Three Gorges Dam in its initial stage of operation. Sediment Research, 2005, (5): 35-39.
[戴仕宝, 杨世伦, 赵华云等. 三峡水库蓄水运用初期长江中下游河道冲淤响应. 泥沙研究, 2005, (5): 35-39.]

[31] Yang Yansheng, Shi Deming, Lu Xixi. Research on amount of soil loss in slope surface and sediment into the Yangtze River in Three Gorge region. Acta Conservationis Soil et Aquae Sinica, 1991, 5(3): 22-28.
[杨艳生, 史德明, 吕喜玺. 长江三峡区的坡面土壤流失量和入江泥沙量研究. 水土保持学报, 1991, 5(3): 22-28.]

[32] NCTGP (The National Council of Three Gorges Project). 100 Questions on the Three Gorges Project in Yangtze. Beijing: China Hydroelectricity Press, 2002.
[国务院三峡工程委员会. 三峡百问. 北京: 中国水利电力出版社, 2002.]

[33] Chen Zhongyuan, Zhao Yiwen. Impact on the Yangtze (Changjiang) estuary from its drainage basin: sediment load and discharge. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2001, 46(suppl.): 73-80.

长江干流河道对流域输沙的调节作用

Regulation of the Main River Channel to the Sediment Discharge of the Yangtze Basin

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	柴元方, 邓金运, 杨云平, 孙昭华, 李义天, 朱玲玲. 长江中游荆江河段同流量—水位演化特征及驱动成因[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 101-113.
[2]	刘清兰, 陈俊卿, 陈沈良. 调水调沙以来黄河尾闾河道冲淤演变及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 139-152.
[3]	方世敏, 黄琰. 长江经济带旅游效率与规模的时空演化及耦合协调[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1757-1772.
[4]	杨霄. 1570—1971年长江镇扬河段江心沙洲的演变过程及原因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1512-1522.
[5]	景唤, 钟德钰, 张红武, 石旭芳, 王彦君. 河流过程的累积现象和随机模型[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(5): 1079-1094.
[6]	高海东, 刘晗, 贾莲莲, 庞国伟, 王杰. 2000-2017年河龙区间输沙量锐减归因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(9): 1745-1757.
[7]	华凯,程和琴,郑树伟. 长江口横沙通道近岸冲刷地貌形成机制[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(7): 1363-1373.
[8]	严鑫,孙昭华,谢翠松,夏军强. 基于经验模型的长江口南支上段压咸临界流量[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(5): 935-947.
[9]	姚振兴, 陈庆强, 杨钦川. 20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育对长江入海泥沙的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 572-585.
[10]	陈雯,王珏,孙伟. 基于成本—收益的长三角地方政府的区域合作行为机制案例分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(2): 312-322.
[11]	朱玲玲,许全喜,鄢丽丽. 三峡水库不同类型支流河口泥沙淤积成因及趋势[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 131-145.
[12]	李一鸣,张国安,游博文,李占海. 长江河口河槽近期沉积特征及影响因子分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 178-190.
[13]	唐见,曹慧群,陈进. 生态保护工程和气候变化对长江源区植被变化的影响量化[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 76-86.
[14]	薛兴华,常胜,宋鄂平. 三峡水库蓄水后荆江洲滩变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(9): 1714-1727.
[15]	金贵,邓祥征,赵晓东,郭柏枢,杨俊. 2005-2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率时空格局特征[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(7): 1242-1252.