地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (9): 1240-1250.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201309007
杨云平, 李义天, 孙昭华, 樊咏阳
收稿日期:
2013-04-18
修回日期:
2013-06-04
出版日期:
2013-09-05
发布日期:
2013-09-05
作者简介:
杨云平(1985- ), 男, 黑龙江绥化人, 博士, 从事河口海岸演变及成因研究。E-mail: yangsan520_521@163.com
基金资助:
YANG Yunping, LI Yitian, SUN Zhaohua, FAN Yongyang
Received:
2013-04-18
Revised:
2013-06-04
Online:
2013-09-05
Published:
2013-09-05
Contact:
李义天, 教授, 博导, E-mail: ytli@whu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要: 基于长江河口1959-2011 年实测悬沙浓度数据,通过对河口最大浑浊带外围海域泥沙要素分析的基础上,研究了近期流域人类活动和河口整治工程对最大浑浊带悬沙浓度的影响。研究表明:① 流域人类活动对入海水量影响较小,无明显趋势变化,而沙量和含沙量呈现锐减趋势,也使得进入河口区域的泥沙量呈现一致锐减;② 长江口外海域和南部杭州湾海域悬沙浓度变化不大,北部苏北沿岸略有减小,因数值较长江口海滨区小约1 个数量级,对浑浊带影响较小;③ 最大浑浊带位置受径流和潮流控制,面积变化与入海沙量多寡关系密切;④ 整个浑浊带区域悬沙浓度受入海沙量锐减决定,2000-2009 年较1959-1999 年悬沙浓度减小约为24.73%,向海延伸减幅降低,且峰值区域向口内移动,泥沙再悬浮作用对维持最大浑浊带悬沙浓度起调节作用,但不能决定其锐减趋势;⑤ 北槽航槽最大浑浊带的悬沙浓度向海为低—高—低变化特点,受入海沙量锐减、北槽分流分沙比减少及床沙粗化等影响,使其上段和下段悬沙浓度减小趋势,而中段受南导堤越堤沙量的影响悬沙浓度呈增加趋势。
杨云平, 李义天, 孙昭华, 樊咏阳. 长江口最大浑浊带悬沙浓度变化趋势及成因[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(9): 1240-1250.
YANG Yunping, LI Yitian, SUN Zhaohua, FAN Yongyang. Trends and causes of suspended sediment concentration variation in the turbidity maximum zone at the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(9): 1240-1250.
[1] Shen Huanting. Tendency of studies on estuarine hydrology in foreign countries. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1988, 43(3): 274-280. [沈焕庭. 国外河口水文研究的动向. 地理学报, 1988, 43(3): 274-280.] [2] Gao Jianhua, Wang Yaping, Pan Shaoming et al. Distribution of organic carbon in sediments and its influences on adjacent sea area in the turbidity maximum of Changjiang Estuary in China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2008, 27: 83-91. [3] Yu Xin, Du Jiabi, Gao Jianhua et al. The influence of hydrodynamic characteristics on the distribution of chlorophy ll concentration in the maximum turbidity of the Yalu Estuary. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2012, 34(2): 101-113. [于欣, 杜 家笔, 高建华等. 鸭绿江河口最大浑浊带水动力特征对叶绿素分布的影响. 海洋学报, 2012, 34(2): 101-113.] [4] Shen Zhiliang, Zhou Shuqing, Pei Shaofeng. Transfer and transport of phosphorus and silica in the turbidity maximum zone of the Changjiang Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2008, 78: 481-492. [5] Dai Shibao, Liu X X, Yang Shilun et al. A preliminary estimate of human and natural contributions to the decline in sediment flux from the Yangtze River to the China Sea. Quaternary International, 2008, 186: 43-54. [6] Dai Shibao, Yang Shilun, Li Ming. The sharp decrease in suspended sediment supply from China's rivers to the sea: Anthropogenic and natural causes. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2009, 54(1): 134-146. [7] Jin Miu, Yu Zhiying, He Qing. On the relationship between maintenance conditions of yangtze estuary deep-water channel and water & sediment transport from the valley. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2006, (3): 46-51. [金缪, 虞志 英, 何青. 关于长江口深水航道维护条件与流域来水来沙关系的初探分析. 水运工程, 2006, (3): 46-51.] [8] Zhai Xiaoming. Elementary discussion of hydrodynamic and suspended sediment distribution characteristic in the Yangtze Estuary. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2006. [翟晓鸣. 长江口水动力和悬沙分布特征初探. 上海: 华东师范大学硕士论文, 2006.] [9] Dyer K R. Sediment transport processes in estuaries//Perillo G M E. Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Estuaries. Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1995: 423-449. [10] He Chao. Comparison study of suspended sediment distribution in the Yangtze Estuary's adjacent sea area in recent 20 years. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2007. [何超. 近二十年长江口邻近海域悬沙分布比较研究. 上海: 华 东师范大学硕士论文, 2007.] [11] Li Peng, Yang Shilun, Milliman J D et al. Spatial, temporal, and human-induced variations in suspended sediment concentration in the surface waters of the Yangtze Estuary and adjacent coastal areas. Estuaries and Coasts, 2012, 35: 1316-1327. [12] Blake A C, Kineke G C, Milligan T G et al. Sediment trapping and transport in the ACE Basin, South Carolina. Estuaries, 2001, 24(5): 721-733. [13] Uncle R J, Bloomer N J. Seasonal variability of salinity, temperature, turbidity and suspended chlorophyll in the Tweed Estuary. The Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 252(251): 115-124. [14] Ma F K, Jiang C B, Rauen W B et al. Modeling sediment transport processes in a macro-tidal estuary. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 2009, 52(11): 3368-3375. [15] Shi Zhong. Behavior of fine suspended sediment at the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary, China. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 293: 180-190. [16] Jiang Chenjuan, de Swart, Huib E et al. Mechanisms of a long-channel sediment transport in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary and their response to large-scale interventions. Ocean Dynamics, 2013, 63(2-3): 283-305. [17] Liu Gaofeng, Zhu Jianrong, Wang Yuanye. Tripod measured residual currents and sediment flux. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011, 93(S3): 192-201. [18] Wu Jiaxue, James T Liu, Wang Xia. Sediment trapping of turbidity maxima in the Changjiang Estuary. Marine Geology, 2011, 301-306: 14-25. [19] Zhang Zhen, Yang Shilun, Li Peng. Quantifying the Influence of Water Impoundment Phases I and II of the Three Gorges Reservoir on Downstream Suspended Sediment Flux. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(5): 623-631. [张珍, 杨 世纶, 李鹏. 三峡水库一、二期蓄水对下游悬沙通量影响的计算. 地理学报, 2010 ,65(5): 623-631.] [20] Wu Hualin, Shen Huanting, Yan Yixin et al. Preliminary study on sediment flux into the sea from Changjiang Estuary. Journal of Sediment Research, 2006, (6): 75-81. [吴华林, 沈焕庭, 严以新等. 长江口入海泥沙通量初步研究. 泥沙研 究, 2006, (6): 75-81.] [21] Yun Caixing. The Evolution of the Mouth of the Yangtze River. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2010. [恽才兴. 图说长江 河口演变. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2010.] [22] Li Peng. Variations in estuarine and coastal suspended sediment concentration and delta accretion/erosion in response to decline in sediment supply from the Yangtze River. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2012. [李鹏. 长江供沙 锐减背景下河口及其邻近海域悬沙浓度变化和三角洲敏感区部淤响应. 上海: 华东师范大学博士论文, 2012.] [23] Chen Xiqing, Lv Xixi, Yan Yixin et al. Long-term Changes and causes of the grain size bottom sediment at landward limit of the Yangtze Estuary. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2008, (4): 598-605. [24] Liu Hong, He Qing, Wang Ya et al. Processes of suspended sediment mixture in the Yangtze River Estuary. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(9): 1269-1281. [刘红, 何青, 王亚等. 长江河口悬浮泥沙的混合过程. 地理学报, 2012, 67(9): 1269-1281.] [25] Lou Fei, Yu Zhiying, He Qing. Distribution characteristics of channel and shoal sediment and its affecting factors after the first phase of the Changjiang River Estuary North Channel Project. Advances in Marine Science, 2003, 23(2): 183-189. [楼飞, 虞志英, 何青. 长江口北槽一期工程后滩槽沉积物分布特征及其影响因素. 海洋科学进展, 2003, 23 (2): 183-189.] [26] Dai Zhijun, Han Zhen, Yun Caixing. Grainsized characteristics and transport trends of the sediment in the south channel of the Yangtze River. Transaction of Oceanology and Limnology, 2005, (2): 72-77. [戴志军, 韩震, 恽才兴. 长 江口南槽沉积物特征和运移趋势. 海洋湖沼学报, 2005, (2): 72-77.] [27] Liu Hong, He Qing, Wang Yuanye et al. Temporal and spatial characteristics of surface sediment grain-size distribution in Changjiang Estuary. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2007, 25(3): 445-455. [刘红, 何青, 王元叶等. 长江 口表层沉积物粒度时空分布特征. 沉积学报, 2007, 25(3): 445-455.] [28] Liu Hong, He Qing, Meng Yi et al. Characteristics of surface sediment distribution and its hydrodynamic responses in the Yangtze River Estuary. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(1): 81-92. [刘红, 何青, 孟翊等. 长江口表层沉积物分 布特征及动力响应. 地理学报, 2007, 62(1): 81-92.] [29] Lu Bing. Research on the Yangtze Estuary Changes under the impacts of human activities based on remote sensing .Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2012. [路兵. 人类活动影响下长江河口变化的遥感研究. 上海: 华东师范大 学硕士论文, 2012.] [30] Yang Yunping, Li Yitian, Han Jianqiao et al. Variation of tide limit and tidal current limit in Yangtze Estuary and its impact on projects. Journal of Sediment Research, 2012, (5): 46-51. [杨云平, 李义天, 韩剑桥等. 长江口潮区和潮流 界面变化及对工程响应. 泥沙研究, 2012, (5): 46-51.] [31] Liu Meng, Wu Hualin, Li Weihua et al. Observational study on flow and sediment transport overtopping the south leading jetty in the Yangtze Estuary Deep-water Channel Regulation Project. The Ocean Engineering, 2011, 29(2): 129-134. [刘猛, 吴华林, 李为华等. 长江口深水航道工程南导堤越堤水沙运动观测研究. 海洋工程, 2011, 29(2): 129-134.] [32] Liu Jie, Chen Jiyu, Xu Zhiyang. River-bed evolution in the braided reach of the south and north passage after implementing Yangtze Estuary deep water navigational improvements. Advances in Water Science, 2008, 19(5): 605-612. [刘杰, 陈吉余, 徐志扬. 长江口深水航道治理工程实施后南北槽分汊段河床演变. 水科学进展, 2008, 19 (5): 605-612.] |
[1] | 姚俊, 施野, 张国安. 近50年来长江河口分汊型河槽水体和泥沙容量的变化过程[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(5): 828-836. |
[2] | 杨云平, 张明进, 邓金运, 李义天, 樊咏阳. 长江口悬沙浓度变化的同步性和差异性[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(11): 1615-1627. |
[3] | 计娜, 程和琴, 杨忠勇, 胡浩, 陈祖军. 近30 年来长江口岸滩沉积物与地貌演变特征[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(7): 945-954. |
[4] | 和玉芳, 程和琴, 陈吉余. 近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变特征[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(3): 305-312. |
[5] | 汪亚平, 潘少明, H.V.Wang, 高建华, 杨旸, 王爱军, 李占海, 吴中. 长江口水沙入海通量的观测与分析[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(1): 35-46. |
[6] | 陈沈良,张国安,杨世伦,虞志英. 长江口水域悬沙浓度时空变化与泥沙再悬浮[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(2): 260-266. |
[7] | 张二凤,陈西庆. 长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化[J]. 地理学报, 2003, 58(2): 231-238. |
[8] | 刘敏,侯立军,许世远,欧冬妮,张斌亮,刘巧梅,杨毅. 长江河口潮滩表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征[J]. 地理学报, 2002, 57(4): 397-406. |
[9] | 茅志昌, 沈焕庭, 徐彭令. 长江河口咸潮入侵规律及淡水资源利用[J]. 地理学报, 2000, 55(2): 243-250. |
[10] | 陈中原, 杨文达 . 长江河口地区第四纪古地理古环境变迁 [J]. 地理学报, 1991, 46(4): 436-448. |
[11] | 沈健, 王宝灿 . 长江河口区平均海面季节性变化的分析 [J]. 地理学报, 1990, 45(4): 441-450. |