地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 633-644.doi: 10.11821/xb200606007

• 土地利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

南水北调中线水源区土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局

沈泽昊1, 张全发2, 岳超1, 赵俊, 胡志伟1, 吕楠1, 唐园园1   

  1. 1. 北京大学环境学院生态学系 北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871;
    2. 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2005-12-28 修回日期:2006-03-19 出版日期:2006-06-25 发布日期:2006-06-25
  • 作者简介:沈泽昊,博士,副教授,中国地理学会会员,主要研究植被生态学、景观生态学。E-mail:zehao.shen@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院“百人计划”项目

The Spatial Pattern of Land Use/Land Cover in the Water Supplying Area of the Middle-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion (MR-SNWD) Project

SHEN Zehao1, ZHANG Quanfa2, YUE Chao1, ZHAO Jun, HU Zhiwei1, LV Nan1, TANG Yuanyuan1   

  1. 1. Department of Ecology, the MOE Key Lab of Earth Surface Processes Analysis and Modeling, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
    2. Wuhan Botanical Garden, CAS, Wuhan 430074, China
  • Received:2005-12-28 Revised:2006-03-19 Online:2006-06-25 Published:2006-06-25
  • Supported by:

    Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

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被引次数

151

摘要：

土地利用/土地覆被 (简称LULC) 变化对流域水资源动态具有深刻的影响。这对于我国大规模跨流域的南水北调工程规划尤为重要。本文制定了该工程中线水源区约95 000 km2 面积的LULC分类系统,利用2000年前后的TM影像完成LULC分布现状图,并结合DEM分析了其土地利用/土地覆被的空间格局特征。结果表明：① 研究区域森林覆盖率为50.97%,灌丛25.58%;农田约占15%,其中旱地与水田的比例约10:3;石砾裸地等强烈退化类型合占5.66%;水域约占1%。② 区内秦岭南坡、汉—丹平原丘陵、巴山北坡三部分的LULC结构存在显著差异,强度土地利用类型和退化土地类型主要分布在汉—丹平原丘陵地区;秦岭南坡耕地的水分条件较巴山北坡好,但局部土地退化现象也更严重。③ 地形对LULC具有明显影响。海拔高度控制着自然植被的垂直分异和各种土地利用类型及利用强度的分布;各土地覆被类型的分布显示了坡度对土地开发强度的限制作用;坡向对局部LULC格局的影响并不显著,但在区域尺度上可能对秦岭南坡与巴山北坡的LULC结构差异具有贡献。南水北调中线工程水源区当前的LULC结构和空间格局显示,总体上植被状况良好,高强度的土地利用类型主要集中于海拔1000m以下的平缓地区,而退化土地类型也主要存在于这一区域,是流域水质保护和环境治理的关键区域。

关键词: 南水北调中线工程, 水源区, LULC, 空间格局, 汉江中上游地区

Abstract:

Land use and land cover (LULC) change has profound impacts on water resources, and it is particularly important for the inter-basin Middle-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion (MR-SNWD) Project of China. We developed a LULC classification system for the water supplying area (~95,000 km2) of the MR-SNWD Project and mapped the LULC in the 2000s using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. The analytical results of the spatial pattern of LULC indicate that: 1) The area percentages of forests, shrubs, farmland, rock/bare land and water bodies are 50.97%, 25.58%, 15%, 5.66% and 1%, respectively. 2) There are significant differences in LULC pattern among the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains, plains & hills in the Hanjiang-Danjiang river basin, and the northern slope of the Daba Mountains. Intensive land use and degraded land area appear mainly in the Hanjiang-Danjiang river basin. 3) LULC in the watershed is correlated with topography. Not only does the natural land cover show an altitudinal gradient, but the types and intensity of land use are also relevant to elevation. Steepness is a key restrictive factor to land use. Although no prominent effect of slope aspect was detected in terms of LULC pattern at local scale, there is profound difference in LULC structure between the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains and the northern slope of the Daba Mountains. In summary, the current condition of vegetation is fairly good over the water supplying area of the MR-SNWD. The intensive land use types are concentrated in the relatively flat area below an elevation of 1000 m a.s.l., an area where intensive land degradation also occurs, and made it the crucial area in water quality protection and environmental management.

Key words: inter-basin water transfer, water supplying area, land use/land cover, spatial pattern, the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, Middle-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project