关键词: 生态位, 格局, 功能模块, 动态, 开封市

Abstract:

The rising of urban complex ecosystem has built a bridge for the infiltration from ecologic theories to sociology and urban planning. Niche, as one of the most important theories of ecology, has the profound directive meaning in the study of human ecosystem, and preferably interprets the phenomenon such as competition, evolvement in different urban functional modules. This paper tries to introduce niche theory into the studies on the development of different urban functional modules, discusses the rules of niche pattern change of different functional modules in the city of Kaifeng in recent 10 years and analyses the reason for its changes. The results showed that: (1) The atmospheric niche and urban virescence niche increased, but the water niche and sound niche had a decreasing trend from 1994 to 2003 in the natural environmental system of Kaifeng. (2) The tertiary industrial niche went up, and secondary industrial niche came down, but primary industrial niche had a little change from 1994 to 2003 in the economic system of Kaifeng. (3) Social basic establishment suitable niche, social resource distribution suitable niche and social production and insurance suitable niche increased, but only population suitable niche went down from 1994 to 2003 in the social system of Kaifeng. (4) The reform of policy system was the direct and basic reason for niche pattern changes of different functional modules in Kaifeng in the last decade. The present study has not only concrete directing meaning in macroscopic planning, economic development and environmental protection of different urban functional modules, but also important theoretical and realistic meaning in developing urban ecologic theory and studying the inherent action mechanism of the complex ecosystem.

Key words: niche, pattern, functional modules, dynamics, Kaifeng city