地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 899-910.doi: 10.11821/xb200609001

• 青藏高原气候环境 •    下一篇

青藏高原地气温差变化分析

张文纲,李述训,吴通华,庞强强   

  1. 藏北高原冰冻圈特殊环境与灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2006-04-17 修回日期:2006-07-10 出版日期:2006-09-25 发布日期:2006-09-25
  • 作者简介:张文纲 (1977-), 男, 博士, 主要从事多年冻土与气候关系研究. E-mail: zhangwg@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目 (40471026); 国家基金委"西部重大计划"面上项目 (90302006); 中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目 (220014-03); 国家重点基础研究发展计划 (973计划) (2005CB422003)

Changes of the Differences between Ground and Air Temperature over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

ZHANG Wengang,LI Shuxun,WU Tonghua,PANG Qiangqiang   

  1. The National Field Station for Scientific Observation of Cryosphere Special Environment and Disaster over the North of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2006-04-17 Revised:2006-07-10 Online:2006-09-25 Published:2006-09-25
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40471026; National Fund for "Western Major Plan" Broadly Item, No.90302006; Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.220014-03; The National Basic Research Program (973 Program), No.2005CB422003

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47

摘要：

利用青藏高原及其临近区域的99个气象站1960~2000年地表温度和气温资料, 利用主成分分析和功率谱分析方法, 分析了青藏高原地气温差的空间分布及时间演变特征。结果表明：青藏高原地气温差6月份最大,12月份最小。青藏高原冷、暖季和年均的地气温差空间分布前三个载荷向量场大致可表现三种分布型：西北-东南反向变化型、地形海拔反映型、冻土分布反映型;载荷所对应的时间演变型：单调上升、单调下降型、基本平稳型和具有极小值的下凹抛物线型。高原地气温差的周期振荡在不同区域的显著性不同,普遍出现的是2年左右的周期。依据温差冷季第三主分量载荷的空间分布型,可将高原划分为两大区,即多年冻土影响气温区和季节冻土影响气温区。

关键词: 青藏高原, 地气温差, 主成分分析, 气温分区

Abstract:

The difference between ground soil and air temperature (Ts-Ta) was analyzed and studied by using the data of ground and air temperature of 99 stations over the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau from 1960 to 2000, and its spatial distribution and time changing tendency have been diagnosed by principal component analysis and power spectral analysis methods. The results show that the values of (Ts-Ta) are the biggest in June and the smallest in December. The first three loading eigenvectors reflecting the main spatially anomalous structure of (Ts-Ta) over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau contains the contrary changing pattern between the northwestern and the southeastern regions, the pattern response of the sea level elevation and the geography, and the pattern response of the distribution of the permafrost. There are four patterns of time evolution including the patterns of monotonous increasing or decreasing trends, the basic stability pattern and the parabola pattern with the minimum value. (Ts-Ta) has a periodic variation of about 2 years. According to the spatial distribution of the third loading eigenvector of (Ts-Ta) over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in cool season, the permafrost response region and the seasonal frozen ground response region are identified.

Key words: principal component, temperature subarea, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, difference between ground and air temperature (Ts-Ta)