地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (11): 1194-1203.doi: 10.11821/xb200711008

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风沙流中不同粒径组沙粒的 输沙量垂向分布实验研究

冯大军, 倪晋仁, 李振山   

  1. 北京大学环境工程系, 水沙科学教育部重点实验室, 北京100871
  • 收稿日期:2007-06-15 修回日期:2007-08-06 出版日期:2007-11-25 发布日期:2007-11-25
  • 作者简介:冯大军(1982-), 男, 湖北红安人, 博士研究生, 主要从事水沙科学研究。E-mail: fengdajun@iee.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(49625101)

Vertical Mass Flux Profiles of Different Grain Size Groups in Aeolian Sand Transport

FENG Dajun, NI Jinren, LI Zhenshan   

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2007-06-15 Revised:2007-08-06 Online:2007-11-25 Published:2007-11-25
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.49625101

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被引次数

100

摘要：

在非均匀沙床面上, 风沙流中不同粒径组沙粒的输沙量垂向分布, 是非均匀风沙运动研究的重点。研究首先通过风洞实验, 收集了风洞中垂线垂向输沙量分布沙样, 然后对集沙沙样进行了沙粒粒度分析实验, 实验分析结果得出了不同粒径组沙粒的输沙量垂向分布规律, 基于稳定平衡风沙跃移运动模型和本文实验结果, 最后数值模拟研究了不同粒径组沙粒输沙量垂向分布, 与沙粒起跳速度和角度之间的关系。本文研究结果得出, 在非均匀风沙流中, 粗粒径组沙粒垂向输沙量上部符合指数递减分布但近床面区偏离指数分布, 呈现为偏大型分布, 粗粒径组对应的沙粒起跳速度和角度分布均为指数函数； 细粒径组沙粒垂向输沙量在整 个高度上均符合指数递减规律, 细粒径组沙粒对应的起跳速度分布为指数函数, 起跳角度分布为高斯函数。沙粒的平均起跳速度, 在0.4u*~2.2u* 之间变化, 随着气流风速(u*) 和沙粒粒径的增加而减小。

关键词: 非均匀风沙流, 不同沙粒输沙量分布, 粒度分析实验, 数值模拟

Abstract:

This paper presented the vertical mass flux profiles of different grain size groups in aeolian sand transport, which is the hot issue of non-uniform sand transport research but is rarely studied recently. The sand samples of vertical mass flux were further investigated using a particle size analyzer that were measured in a wind tunnel experiment conducting with non-uniform sands and five different stream velocities. Results show that the vertical mass flux profiles of coarse sand groups are similar to that of all sands measured in the wind tunnel, exhibiting an exponential decay distribution with a positive deviation occurring in the near-bed region; however, the vertical mass flux profiles of fine sand groups decayed exponentially in the whole height. Based on the results above, this study simulated the vertical mass flux profiles of different grain size groups in terms of equilibrium saltation theory. It is revealed that in the non-uniform sand transport, the launch speed and angle distributions of coarse sand are exponential function; the launch speed of fine sand is exponential function but the launch angle of it is Gaussian function. The mean sand launch speed occur between 0.4u* and 2.2u*, decaying with the increase of wind speed (u*) and grain size.

Key words: aeolian sand transport, mass flux profiles of different sized sand, particle size analysis, model simulation