地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 529-536.doi: 10.11821/xb200705009

• 黄河流域环境演变 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河源区土地沙漠化时空变化遥感分析

曾永年1, 冯兆东2   

  1. 1. 中南大学信息物理工程学院, 长沙410083;
    2. 兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室, 兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:2006-09-26 修回日期:2006-12-12 出版日期:2007-05-25 发布日期:2010-08-04
  • 作者简介:曾永年(1959-), 教授, 博士, 主要从事遥感与地理信息系统及其应用研究, 环境变化研究。 E-mail: ynzeng@mail.csu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40071066); 教育部重大项目(10425); 教育部骨干教师资助项目

Spatial and Tempor al Changes of Deser tification in the Headwater Ar ea of the Yellow River Using Remote Sensing

ZENG Yongnian1, FENG Zhaodong2   

  1. 1. School of Info- Physics and Geomatics Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
    2. National Laboratory of Western China' s Environmental System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2006-09-26 Revised:2006-12-12 Online:2007-05-25 Published:2010-08-04
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40071066; Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China, No.10425; Key Teacher Program of the Ministry of Education of China

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摘要：

通过野外调查与室内分析, 建立了黄河源区沙漠化土地分类分级系统。在此基础上, 通过遥感数据处理与参数反演, 建立了沙漠化遥感监测指数模型, 并利用1986~2000 年 Landsat-TM/ETM+ 遥感数据, 对近15 年来黄河源区土地沙漠化过程进行了定量分析与评价。 研究结果表明, 黄河源区沙漠化土地面积达3519.97 km2, 其中以轻度沙漠化土地为主。沙漠 化土地集中分布在玛多宽谷盆地南缘与黑河宽谷盆地北缘之间, 沿西北—东南走向的低山丘 陵展布, 分布于河谷, 湖滨、古河道及山麓洪积扇等地形面上, 呈斑块状、片状和带状分布。 1986~1990 年黄河源区沙漠化土地年增长率为21.87%, 沙漠化土地的变化表现为沙漠化土地 快速蔓延。1990~2000 年沙漠化土地年扩展率为2.73%, 虽然沙漠化扩展速率降低, 但在进一 步扩展的同时, 主要表现为沙漠化程度的进一步加重。总之, 20 世纪80 年代末期以来, 黄 河源区沙漠化过程呈现为正在发展和强烈发展的态势。但在不同时段上沙漠化发展呈现出不 同的特征, 80 年代末沙漠化土地增长率高, 沙漠化过程表现为沙漠化土地的迅速蔓延; 进入 90 年代沙漠化土地增长相对减缓, 但中度沙漠化土地则保持直线增长的趋势, 呈现出以沙漠 化程度的加重为主的发展趋势。

关键词: 黄河源, 高寒草地, 土地沙漠化, 时空变化, 遥感分析

Abstract:

The objective of this paper is to detect desertification in the headwater area of the Yellow River with remote sensing. Firstly, the desertification classification scheme was established through field works and analysis on ancillary data of the headwater area of the Yellow River. Then, based on desertification detecting model, the spatial and temporal changes of desertification were detected in the headwater area of the Yellow River from 1986 to 2000 using Landsat TM/ETM+ images. The results revealed that the desertified land of the study area was about 3519.97 km2 in 2000, of which light desertified land was major portion. The result further showed that desertified land has increased and intensified seriously with an annual increasing rate of 21.8% from 1987 to 1996. During the 1990s, desertification has expanded and intensified, although the annual increasing rate is slower than that in the 1980s. Since the late 1980s, the desertification has kept intensifying in the headwater area of the Yellow River, although desertification has reversed in some regions. The headwater area of the Yellow River is one of the seriously desertified regions in the upper reach of the Yellow River and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, it is urgent to combat desertification and protect eco-environment in the headwater area of the Yellow River.

Key words: alpine grassland, desertification, spatial-temporal changes, headwater area of the Yellow River