青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式 与大气粉尘记录

doi:10.11821/xb200711004

地理学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (11): 1153-1164.doi: 10.11821/xb200711004

青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式与大气粉尘记录

肖舜, 陈发虎, 强明瑞, 张家武, 周爱锋, 孙东怀

兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室中德干旱环境联合研究中心, 兰州730000

收稿日期:2007-08-08 修回日期:2007-09-22 出版日期:2007-11-25 发布日期:2007-11-25
通讯作者: 陈发虎教授. E-mail: fhchen@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:肖舜(1981-), 男, 陕西西安人, 博士研究生, 自然地理学专业, 主要从事大气粉尘与气候变化研究。 E-mail: shun.xiao@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(40421101); 国家博士点基金(20060730003) 资助

Distribution Pattern of Grain Size in Surface Sediments from Sugan Lake and Its Potential in Recording Aeolian Dust in Arid China

XIAO Shun, CHEN Fahu, QIANG Mingrui, ZHANG Jiawu, ZHOU Aifeng, SUN Donghuai

Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research (CAEP), Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems, MOE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2007-08-08 Revised:2007-09-22 Online:2007-11-25 Published:2007-11-25
Supported by:
Chinese NSFC Innovation Team Project, No.40421101; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, No.20060730003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

位于干旱区柴达木盆地具有年纹层的苏干湖是以地下水补给为主的内陆封闭湖泊, 其表层沉积物粒度具有多组分峰态分布特征, Weibull 函数的拟合结果发现, 其粒度分布全部具有4 个基本组分: 超细粒组分, 众数粒径在1 μm 上下；细粒组分, 众数粒径在5~10 μm；粗粒组分, 众数粒径在50~100 μm；砂组分, 众数粒径在500 $m 左右。粒度主峰出现在细粒组分或者粗粒组分。直接来自大气粉尘的冬季湖泊冰面样品及当地尘暴样品的Weibull 函数粒度拟合也显现出了相似的分布模式, 冰面样品的粒度主峰位于众数粒径在15~20 μmm 的细粒组分, 砂组分(众数粒径452.9μm) 的出现指示出砂粒在冬半年沿冰面而进入湖泊中心。尘暴降尘样品在尘暴季节(5 月份) 和非尘暴季节(11 月份) 的粒度分布普遍具有3 个组分, 缺少砂组分, 强沙尘暴事件样品则由4 个组分组成, 粒度主峰均位于众数粒径在100~200 μm 的粗粒组分。结果显示, 苏干湖湖泊沉积能够较好记录当地大气粉尘, 砂组分与湖泊周边干旱地表经历的近地面强沙尘活动有关, 粗粒组分记录了区域性的尘暴事件, 细粒组分主要反映流域径流状况, 超细粒组分代表干旱区的大气背景粉尘和气溶胶。研究表明, 苏干湖内陆湖泊沉积客观记录了区域大气粉尘和尘暴事件, 具有重建干旱区大气粉尘变化历史的潜在优势。

关键词: 苏干湖, 干旱区, 大气粉尘, 粒度分布模式, Weibull 函数

Abstract:

Sediments from inland enclosed lakes in arid regions of northwestern China provide ideal documents in reconstructing high-resolution history of aeolian dust and aerosols. Sugan Lake in northern Qaidam Basin on the Tibetan Plateau is an enclosed shallow lake mainly fed by groundwater, in which annually laminated varves are well preserved since mid- and late Holocene. Surface sediments from Sugan Lake were collected and analyzed for grain size. Frequency curves of samples indicated multi-components in the surface sediments. Weibull function fitting employed to the grain size distribution suggested that there are four components from clay to sand in the surface sediments characterized by their respective modes. Super-fine component has mode size around 1 μm, fine-grained component has mode of 5-10 μm, coarse-grained component has mode of 50-100 μm, and the mode of sand component is about 500 μm. The main components in the surface sediments appear in fine or coarse grains. Particles trapped in the lake ice in winter and dust storms during the same period present the similar distribution pattern in grain size. The main component of aeolian dust from lake ice is composed of particles sized between 15 and 20 μm, and sand component (with mode size of 452.9 μm) appeared, indicating that sand particles were transported to Sugan Lake during the winter. Dust samples from dust storm period (May) or non-dust storm period (November) prevalently consist of three components without sand grains. During strong dust storm events, however, four components including sand are identified, the main component of which still has a size of 100-200 μm. Our results show that the sand component of the surface sediments in Sugan Lake has been transported by ambient strong dust storm activities; the coarse grains have most likely recorded the regional dust storm events; fine component seems to have indicated the intensity of water supply in the basin; super-fine component as extensively deposited in the Chinese loess, may have represented the background level of atmospheric dust and aerosols in the arid region of northwestern China. Therefore, the sediments from Sugan Lake have documented the regional aeolian dust and dust-storm events and have the potential in reconstructing the history of aeolian dust activities.

Key words: grain size distribution pattern, Weibull function, Sugan Lake, arid region, aeolian dust

肖舜, 陈发虎, 强明瑞, 张家武, 周爱锋, 孙东怀. 青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式与大气粉尘记录[J]. 地理学报, 2007, 62(11): 1153-1164.

XIAO Shun, CHEN Fahu, QIANG Mingrui,ZHANG Jiawu, ZHOU Aifeng, SUN Donghuai. Distribution Pattern of Grain Size in Surface Sediments from Sugan Lake and Its Potential in Recording Aeolian Dust in Arid China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(11): 1153-1164.

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青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式与大气粉尘记录

Distribution Pattern of Grain Size in Surface Sediments from Sugan Lake and Its Potential in Recording Aeolian Dust in Arid China

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青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式 与大气粉尘记录

Distribution Pattern of Grain Size in Surface Sediments from Sugan Lake and Its Potential in Recording Aeolian Dust in Arid China

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