青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民食物消费结构与特征

doi:10.11821/dlxb202109005

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (9): 2104-2117.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202109005

• 青藏高原二次科考与绿色研究 • 上一篇下一篇

青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民食物消费结构与特征

王灵恩¹(), 郭嘉欣², 冯凌², 罗艳华³, 张宪洲¹, 范玉枝¹, 成升魁¹

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
2.北京第二外国语学院旅游科学学院,北京 100024
3.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京 210008

收稿日期:2020-12-07 修回日期:2021-08-20 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-25
通讯作者: 王灵恩(1987-), 男, 副研究员, 主要从事可持续消费研究。E-mail: wangle@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK1002);国家自然科学基金项目(4217011372);国家自然科学基金项目(52081330093)

The structure and characteristics of resident food consumption in rural areas of the Tibetan Plateau: Taking Three-Rivers Region in Tibet as an example

WANG Ling'en¹(), GUO Jiaxin², FENG Ling², LUO Yanhua³, ZHANG Xianzhou¹, FAN Yuzhi¹, CHENG Shengkui¹

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. School of Tourism Sciences, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing 100024, China
3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2020-12-07 Revised:2021-08-20 Published:2021-09-25 Online:2021-11-25
Supported by:
The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK1002);National Natural Science Fundation(4217011372);National Natural Science Fundation(52081330093)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

居民食物消费受自然地理环境、城镇化等因素影响,同时通过市场机制影响区域粮食安全和农牧业发展。以西藏“一江两河”地区为例,基于分层抽样,通过2019年实地入户调研,获取了262户农村居民上年度食物消费数据,对青藏高原农区居民的食物消费结构及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：① 样本内居民的植物性食物的消费量是动物性食物的3.19倍,植物性食物以蔬菜和粮食为主,动物性食物以肉类和牛奶为主;青稞及青稞酒在藏民饮食中占有重要地位。② 居民食物消费规模和结构与食物自给率指标密切相关,自给自足特征显著。③ 不同地区、家庭规模、务工规模、收入水平以及家庭年龄之间,居民的家庭食物消费结构均有所差异,且不同家庭之间面粉和水果的消费差异最显著。④ 区域差异、家庭规模类型和家庭务工规模是影响样本农区居民食物消费综合差异的主要因素。结果可为青藏高原地区居民食物消费结构改善、膳食营养提升以及农牧业转型发展提供科学基础和决策借鉴。

关键词: 食物消费, 消费差异, 影响因素, 多元线性回归, 西藏自治区, “一江两河”

Abstract:

Resident food consumption is affected by factors such as the natural geographic environment and urbanization. At the same time, food consumption will affect regional food security and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry through market mechanisms. Taking the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries of Tibet (also known as Three-Rivers Region) as a typical case, this paper obtained the food consumption data of 262 rural residents by field surveys based on stratified sampling, and then analyzed the food consumption structure of the rural residents and its influencing factors in the Tibetan Plateau. The results indicated that: (1) The consumption of plant foods of the residents in the sample is 3.19 times that of animal foods, with vegetable and grain as the main plant food and meat and milk as the main animal food. And highland barley and highland barley liquor are important in the diet of Tibetans. (2) The scale and structure of food consumption of residents are closely related to the index of food self-sufficiency, and the characteristics of self-sufficient food consumption are significant. (3) Among different regions, family sizes, scales of migrant worker, income levels and family ages, the food consumption structure of residents varies, and the differences in the consumption of flour and fruits between different families are the most significant. (4) Regional differences, family sizes and migrant worker scales are the main factors that affect the comprehensive difference of food consumption in the sample rural areas. The research results of the paper can provide scientific basis and guidance suggestions for the improvement of food consumption structure, promotion of dietary nutrition and transformation and development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: food consumption, consumption differences, influencing factor, multiple linear regression, Three-Rivers Region in Tibet

王灵恩, 郭嘉欣, 冯凌, 罗艳华, 张宪洲, 范玉枝, 成升魁. 青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民食物消费结构与特征[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2104-2117.

WANG Ling'en, GUO Jiaxin, FENG Ling, LUO Yanhua, ZHANG Xianzhou, FAN Yuzhi, CHENG Shengkui. The structure and characteristics of resident food consumption in rural areas of the Tibetan Plateau: Taking Three-Rivers Region in Tibet as an example[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(9): 2104-2117.

图/表 11

表1

图1

表2

食物消费综合差异影响因素模型变量及其定义

变量类别	变量	变量符号	变量定义
	因变量：
	家庭人均食物消费综合差异	$F C dif$	各类食物家庭人均食物消费量和地区人均食物消费量差值绝对值的均值
	自变量：
家庭信息特征	区域
家庭信息特征	拉萨市	Lhasa	居民家庭所在城市为拉萨取值为1,否则为0
	日喀则市	Rikaze	居民家庭所在城市为日喀则取值为1,否则为0
	山南市	Shannan	居民家庭所在城市为山南取值为1,否则为0
	家庭规模类型
	小型家庭(1~4人)	small family	居民家庭人数为1~4人取值为1,否则为0
	中型家庭(5~7人)	medium family	居民家庭人数为5~7人取值为1,否则为0
	大型家庭(8人以上)	large family	居民家庭人数在8人以上取值为1,否则为0
	家庭务工规模	migrant workers	居民家庭中外出务工人数占总人数的比例
	家庭年均收入	income	居民家庭年均总收入
	家庭平均年龄	age	居民家庭成员平均年龄大小
家庭种植养殖情况	家庭种植面积	planting area	居民家庭实际种植面积总和
家庭种植养殖情况	食物消费自给率	proportion of self- produced food	居民家庭自产食物消费量占食物消费总量的比例
	牲畜饲养情况	livestock	若家中饲养牲畜取值为1,否则为0
	家禽饲养情况	poultry	若家中饲养家禽取值为1,否则为0

表2

图2

图3

图4

表3

图5

表4

不同居民家庭食物人均消费差异比较(kg/(人·a))

组别	分类	蔬菜			大米			面粉			青稞			水果			食用油			啤酒
组别	分类	均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值
地区	拉萨	143.65	0.176		30.31	2.35^*		42.78	4.467^**		103.36	34.201^***		18.65	10.191^***		11.15	8.882^***		5.83	0.118
	日喀则	148.43			31.67			41.53			157.31			11.62			16.78			3.08
	山南	138.36			36.72			55.87			48.73			23.90			13.16			7.63
家庭规模(人)	1~4	156.01	1.179		38.75	6.886^***		60.70	10.199^***		79.62	5.309^***		26.08	6.360^***		15.53	4.364^**		4.22	2.502^*
	5~7	132.23			32.70				42.12					95.67				18.42				11.69	7.99
	≥ 8	144.61			26.49				38.28					126.46				10.61				13.13	4.11
务工规模	<0.2	148.20	0.152		34.29	0.330		48.14	0.164		104.39	2.066		16.54	8.056^***		13.45	0.23		4.93	0.415
	0.2~0.4	140.07		32.11			45.39			107.09			14.53			13.18			5.58
	≥ 0.4	141.97		31.87			47.38			78.42			29.09			13.28			7.01
家庭年均收入(万元)	<3	137.18	0.630	35.35	0.937	51.41	2.569^*	81.34	2.028	16.60	0.391	13.05	1.345	4.83	0.649
	3~6	146.19		31.93			47.46			108.05			20.89			12.73			6.93
	6~10	132.52		33.76			49.69			94.92			16.78			12.49			6.50
	≥ 10	159.13		28.94			34.28			119.68			19.15			15.65			3.95
家庭平均年龄(岁)	<30	137.72	0.619	30.15	0.768	38.09	5.342^***	89.02	1.137	15.97	2.266^*	11.96	0.857	6.45	0.761
	30~35	139.13		32.38			41.24			106.17			14.70			13.32			4.00
	35~40	137.19		33.45			50.40			115.62			18.17			13.98			5.07
	≥ 40	158.58		35.55			59.47			91.13			25.87			14.19			7.26
组别	分类	奶类			肉类			蛋类			植物性食物			动物性食物			食物消费总量
组别	分类	均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值		均值	F值
地区	拉萨	88.45	2.147		41.69	0.887		5.06	0.396		355.73	1.729		135.21	5.202^***		490.94	1.417
	日喀则	50.76			44.90			6.18			410.42			101.84			512.26
	山南	76.06			51.15			4.90			324.38			132.11			456.49
家庭规模(人)	1~4	105.53	4.830^***		53.21	2.483^*		5.67	0.742		380.90	1.323		164.41	7.534^***		545.30	4.956^**
	5~7	69.25			45.60				5.84					340.82				120.69				461.51
	≥ 8	48.53			37.64				4.18					363.68				90.35				454.03
务工规模	<0.2	62.24	0.979		45.51	0.301		4.56	0.440		369.94	0.732		112.31	0.173		482.25	0.027
	0.2~0.4	80.59		44.24			5.84			357.95			130.66			488.61
	≥ 0.4	80.11		48.55			5.34			349.02			134.00			483.02
家庭年均收入	<3	75.63	0.044	50.70	0.103	5.13	0.660	339.76	0.919	131.45	0.149	471.22	0.576
	3~6	73.94		43.83			5.44			374.18			123.21			497.40
	6~10	69.93		40.76			6.63			346.65			117.32			463.97
	≥ 10	78.38		45.84			3.90			380.79			128.12			508.91
家庭平均年龄(岁)	<30	81.41	0.210	42.55	2.793^*	5.74	0.257	329.36	1.780	129.69	0.546	459.05	1.573
	30~35	72.56		38.84			5.81			350.93			117.21			468.14
	35~40	64.85		44.33			4.81			373.88			113.99			487.87
	<40	76.69		57.68			4.66			392.04			139.03			531.07

表4

表5

影响居民家庭食物消费综合差异的主要变量描述性统计

变量名称	变量符号	样本量	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差
家庭人均食物消费综合差异	$F C dif$	231	122.78	10.86	32.01	15.721
拉萨市	Lhasa	231	1	0	0.38	0.486
日喀则市	Rikaze	231	1	0	0.25	0.435
山南市	Shannan	231	1	0	0.37	0.484
小型家庭(1~4人)	small family	231	1	0	0.33	0.472
中型家庭(5~7人)	medium family	231	1	0	0.40	0.491
大型家庭(8人以上)	large family	231	1	0	0.27	0.444
家庭务工规模	migrant workers	231	1	0	0.29	0.192
家庭年均收入	income	231	180	0	8.30	14.904
家庭平均年龄	age	231	67.50	15.38	35.71	8.308
家庭种植面积	planting area	231	130	0	21.72	19.698
食物消费自给率	proportion of self-produced food	231	0.93	0.09	0.63	0.195
牲畜饲养情况	livestock	231	1	0	0.97	0.183
家禽饲养情况	poultry	231	1	0	0.21	0.410

表5

表6

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地级市	行政区域	地区生产总值(亿元)	人口 (万人)	区域面积 (万km²)	种植面积 (万hm²)
拉萨	城关区、曲水、墨竹工卡、林周、堆龙德庆、达孜、尼木	436.67	49.94	1.95	4.64
日喀则	桑珠孜区、江孜、拉孜、白朗、谢通门、南木林	152.87	44.27	3.78	5.69
山南	乃东、扎囊、桑日、贡嘎、琼结	105.21	18.64	1.04	1.96

	食物分类	消费总量(kg/a)	自产量(kg/a)	购买量(kg/a)	自给率(%)	人均消费量(kg/(人·a))
植物性食物	蔬菜	232910.71	139328.50	93582.21	59.82	143.17
植物性食物	大米	49632.00	0.00	49632.00	0	32.77
	面粉	69496.71	50473.37	19023.34	72.63	46.74
	青稞	172446.75	169909.75	2537.00	98.53	99.64
	青稞(糌粑)	86796.50	84946.50	1850.00	97.87	52.31
	青稞酒	428251.25	424816.25	3435.00	99.20	236.46
	水果	25528.90	425.00	25103.90	1.66	18.53
	食用油	21027.44	19469.80	1557.64	92.59	13.30
	啤酒	8919.00	0.00	8919.00	0	5.70
动物性食物	奶类	104964.31	89283.74	15680.57	85.06	74.46
动物性食物	肉类	68677.28	44343.75	24333.53	64.57	45.64
	蛋类	8043.69	1944.63	6099.06	24.18	5.31

变量名称	变量符号	系数	标准误	t值
日喀则市	Rikaze	7.708	2.898	2.659^***
山南市	Shannan	2.33	2.551	0.913
中型家庭(5~7人)	medium family	-6.352	2.53	-2.511^**
大型家庭(8人以上)	large family	-6.565	3.229	-2.033^**
家庭务工规模	migrant workers	11.069	5.495	2.014^**
家庭年均收入	income	-0.052	0.075	-0.702
家庭平均年龄	age	0.101	0.133	0.76
家庭种植面积	planting area	-0.016	0.061	-0.262
食物消费自给率	proportion of self-produced food	7.024	5.597	1.255
牲畜饲养情况	livestock	-3.631	5.65	-0.643
家禽饲养情况	poultry	1.787	2.561	0.698
常数	constant	26.098	8.782	2.972^***

青藏高原“一江两河”农区居民食物消费结构与特征

The structure and characteristics of resident food consumption in rural areas of the Tibetan Plateau: Taking Three-Rivers Region in Tibet as an example

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