南方红壤丘陵区采伐变量对森林面积和生物量影响模拟

doi:10.11821/dlxb202101017

地理学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (1): 223-234.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202101017

南方红壤丘陵区采伐变量对森林面积和生物量影响模拟

汪晓帆¹^,²(), 戴尔阜¹^,²(), 郑度³, 吴卓⁴

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室拉萨高原生态系统研究站,北京 100101
2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京 100101
4.广州大学地理科学学院,广州 510006

收稿日期:2020-05-17 修回日期:2020-12-21 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-03-25
作者简介:汪晓帆(1987-), 女, 博士, 研究方向为综合自然地理。E-mail: wangxf. 12b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41571098);国家自然科学基金项目(41530749);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1502903);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1508805)

Effects of harvesting variables on area and aboveground biomass of forest in Southern China

WANG Xiaofan¹^,²(), DAI Erfu¹^,²(), ZHENG Du³, WU Zhuo⁴

1. Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
4. School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2020-05-17 Revised:2020-12-21 Published:2021-01-25 Online:2021-03-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571098);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41530749);National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1502903);National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1508805)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在优化森林结构的同时保障其木材生产功能和生态功能,实现森林可持续经营,如何采取科学、合理的森林管理措施越来越受到人们的关注。本文选取采伐年龄、采伐斑块大小、采伐频率、采伐面积比例作为变量,以江西省泰和县为研究区,设定多种强度和方式的森林管理方案,耦合生态过程模型（PnET-II）和景观模型（LANDIS-II）模拟初始年（2009年）起,未来100年森林面积和生物量的动态变化情况。研究发现：① 森林对不同采伐变量的响应差异明显,采伐年龄对森林面积影响较小,采伐斑块面积仅对生物量有影响,采伐频率对面积和生物量均有较大影响,采伐面积比例是采伐变量中对森林影响最大的变量; ② 每10 a以20%的采伐面积比例,5 hm ²的采伐斑块,采伐21 a以上的杉木、26 a以上的松林、41 a以上的阔叶树种的采伐情景能够保证有林地的生物量较初始年有所增加,有效地保障红壤丘陵区人工林在木材生产的同时保持一定的生态功能。

关键词: 森林管理, 地上生物量, LANDIS-II模型, 红壤丘陵区, 人工林

Abstract:

Forest ecosystems play important roles in provisioning and regulating services. In China, forest ecosystems have been facing problems such as poor quality, simple structures, and weak ecological functions. Scientific, reasonable, and applicable forest management strategies are concerned with optimizing the structure of forests, achieving sustainable development, and promoting ecological functions while meeting production requirements. Therefore, a coupling path of the ecosystem progress model (PnET-II) and landscape model (LANDIS-II) were used to simulate dynamic changes in the area and aboveground biomass (AGB) of the plantations over the next 100 years, considering from the initial year (2009). The variables of the designed factorial experiment were cut-block size, cutting area ratio, as the initial year cutting age and cutting frequencies. It was found that the cutting age and cut-block size had limited impacts on the forest area, although they affected the levels of AGB. Both the cutting area ratio and cutting frequency, however, had significant impacts on forest area and AGB. Moreover, the cutting area ratio was a crucial variable with the greatest influence on forests among the four variables. The management strategy of a harvest scenario with a 20% cutting area ratio, 5 ha cut-block size and 10-year cutting frequency on 21-year-old Chinese fir, 26-year-old pine and 41-year-old broad-leaved forests provided the optimal results among all the tested scenarios. This ensured that the AGB of the forest remained relatively stable during the simulation. Therefore, it is an effective way to maintain the ecological functions of artificial forests while producing wood.

Key words: forest management, aboveground biomass, landscape pattern, plantations, LANDIS-II, red soil hilly region, artificial forest

汪晓帆, 戴尔阜, 郑度, 吴卓. 南方红壤丘陵区采伐变量对森林面积和生物量影响模拟[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 223-234.

WANG Xiaofan, DAI Erfu, ZHENG Du, WU Zhuo. Effects of harvesting variables on area and aboveground biomass of forest in Southern China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(1): 223-234.

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序号	物种	寿命(a)	性成熟年龄(a)	耐阴性	耐火性	种子有效传播距离(m)	种子最大传播距离(m)	萌发可能性	叶寿命(a)
1	杉木	200	10	1	2	200	500	0.4	3
2	柏木	500	35	2	3	70	200	0.4	3
3	马尾松	200	10	2	2	200	500	0	4
4	湿地松	200	10	1	2	200	500	0	4
5	木荷	300	20	5	5	20	200	0.6	2
6	樟树	1000	15	4	5	50	120	0.5	3
7	楠木	1000	50	5	5	40	120	0.5	3
8	槠树	200	20	5	4	50	120	0.6	2
9	栲树	150	30	5	4	75	250	0.6	3
10	栎	120	15	4	4	20	200	0.6	2
11	细叶青冈	150	7	4	3	20	50	0.4	3
12	枫香	130	8	3	3	100	375	0.5	1
13	光皮桦	100	15	2	3	200	400	0.5	1
14	桤木	125	5	3	4	15	60	0.5	1
15	拟赤杨	80	15	2	3	300	500	0.4	1
16	檫木	120	20	3	4	50	150	0.5	1
17	苦楝	50	5	2	3	200	400	0.3	1
18	杨树	100	10	2	3	200	500	0.5	1

植被类型	a	b	地上生物量/ 地下生物量
马尾松林	0.51	1.05	6.23
湿地松林	0.52	33.24	4.12
杉木林	0.40	22.54	4.70
硬阔林	0.76	8.31	5.04
软阔林	0.48	30.60	6.25
针叶混交林	0.59	24.52	5.02
针阔混交林	0.71	16.97	3.85
阔叶混交林	0.84	9.42	4.95

南方红壤丘陵区采伐变量对森林面积和生物量影响模拟

Effects of harvesting variables on area and aboveground biomass of forest in Southern China

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参考文献 33

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采伐情景	采伐面积(%)	采伐斑块面积(hm²)	采伐树种及其采伐年龄(a)	采伐频率(a)
A	—	—	—	—
B1	5	1	杉类≥ 11; 松类≥ 16; 阔叶≥ 21	10
B2	5	1	杉类≥ 21; 松类≥ 26; 阔叶≥ 41	10
B3	5	1	杉类≥ 36; 松类≥ 51; 阔叶≥ 71	10
C1	10	5	杉类≥ 21; 松类≥ 26; 阔叶≥ 41	5
C2	10	5	杉类≥ 21; 松类≥ 26; 阔叶≥ 41	10
C3	10	5	杉类≥ 21; 松类≥ 26; 阔叶≥ 41	20
D1	20	5	杉类≥ 21; 松类≥ 26; 阔叶≥ 41	10
D2	20	10	杉类≥ 21; 松类≥ 26; 阔叶≥ 41	10

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