地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (8): 1647-1666.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202008007
收稿日期:
2018-11-26
修回日期:
2020-07-24
出版日期:
2020-08-25
发布日期:
2020-10-25
作者简介:
曹智(1989-), 男, 山东济南人, 助理研究员, 中国地理学会会员(S110011723M), 研究方向为土地利用与乡村发展。E-mail:基金资助:
CAO Zhi1(), LIU Yansui1,2(
), LI Yurui1, WANG Yongsheng1
Received:
2018-11-26
Revised:
2020-07-24
Published:
2020-08-25
Online:
2020-10-25
Supported by:
摘要:
探索专业村镇的地域分异格局特征及其影响因素,对实施农业转型升级与乡村振兴战略具有重要参考价值。本文基于农业农村部“一村一品”示范村镇资料揭示了中国专业村镇的空间格局,运用地理探测器模型从全国和农业区尺度分析了地形特征、资源禀赋和区位条件等村域环境因素,以及市场需求和经济基础等区域环境因素对专业村镇分布的影响。研究发现:① 中国专业村镇主要分布在胡焕庸线东南半壁,占83.64%,呈现中心集聚和由华北平原—长江下游平原向南、再向西北梯度递减特征;② 主导产业细分门类以水果、蔬菜为主,占59.45%,主要分布在黄淮海平原、关中平原、长江中下游平原、四川盆地等,且多以省会城市为中心,呈圈带状分布;③ 专业村镇空间分布受区域环境因素的影响强于村域环境因素,市场需求和经济基础因素的解释力值分别为0.30和0.19,村域环境因素中地形特征因素影响相对较大,其解释力值为0.15;④ 影响因素存在明显的区域差异,北方平原—丘陵区主要受到市场需求因素影响,农牧交错—高原区主要受到地形特征和资源禀赋因素的影响,西北—青藏高原区主要受市场需求、经济基础和区位条件的影响,而南方丘陵—高原区解释力较弱。研究可为提高农业生产专业化水平、识别和培育专业村镇和乡村振兴极、推进乡村振兴战略实施提供科学参考。
曹智, 刘彦随, 李裕瑞, 王永生. 中国专业村镇空间格局及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1647-1666.
CAO Zhi, LIU Yansui, LI Yurui, WANG Yongsheng. Spatial pattern and its influencing factors of specialized villages and towns in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(8): 1647-1666.
表1
专业村镇地域分异的影响因素及指标体系
一级 | 二级 | 三级 | 详细指标 |
---|---|---|---|
村域 环境 因素 | 地形特征 | 高程 | 高程值*、均值系数*、极值系数* |
起伏度 | 起伏度值*、均值系数*、极值系数 | ||
资源禀赋 | 水资源 | 距河流距离*、均值系数、极值系数 降水量* | |
土地资源 | 土壤质量等级*、均值系数、极值系数 | ||
生物资源 | 特色产品数量* | ||
区位条件 | 距城市远近 | 距县城空间距离、距地市空间距离* | |
交通通达度 | 距县城通达度*、均值系数*、极值系数 距地市通达度、均值系数、极值系数 | ||
区域 环境 因素 | 市场需求 | 市场规模 | 县城城镇人口规模、地市城镇人口规模* |
消费水平 | 地市城镇居民可支配收入* 县域城镇化率*、地市城镇化率 | ||
经济基础 | 生产总值 | 县域生产总值*、地市生产总值 |
表2
2011—2017年基于产品类型的专业村镇分类统计
一级 | 二级 | 数量(个) | 比重(%) | 一级 | 二级 | 数量(个) | 比重(%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
植物类 | 粮食 | 108 | 4.86 | 畜牧类 | 畜类 | 84 | 3.78 |
特殊粮食 | 17 | 0.77 | 禽类 | 36 | 1.62 | ||
蔬菜 | 604 | 27.18 | 奶制品 | 3 | 0.14 | ||
食用菌 | 69 | 3.11 | 畜禽副产品 | 5 | 0.23 | ||
水果 | 717 | 32.27 | 蜂类 | 1 | 0.05 | ||
坚果 | 28 | 1.26 | 渔业类 | 水产动物 | 79 | 3.56 | |
花卉苗木 | 44 | 1.98 | 水产植物 | 1 | 0.05 | ||
茶叶 | 171 | 7.70 | 加工食品 | 调味品 | 12 | 0.54 | |
油料 | 18 | 0.81 | 其他加工食品 | 13 | 0.59 | ||
中草药 | 110 | 4.95 | 酒水类 | 酒水 | 1 | 0.05 | |
烟叶 | 3 | 0.14 | 非食用品 | 工艺品 | 21 | 0.95 | |
其他植物类 | 2 | 0.09 | 其他非食用品 | 41 | 1.85 | ||
文化产品 | 休闲农业 | 34 | 1.53 |
表3
2011—2017年主要产业类型专业村镇的各因素指标统计分析
指标 | 所有 | 水果 | 蔬菜 | 茶叶 | 中草药 | 粮食 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地形 | 高程 | 高程值(m)* | 565 | 467 | 537 | 518 | 695 | 794 |
高程均值系数* | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.86 | 0.86 | ||
高程极值系数* | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.22 | ||
起伏度 | 起伏度值(m)* | 125 | 131 | 78 | 240 | 165 | 107 | |
起伏度均值系数* | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.65 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.73 | ||
起伏度极值系数 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.18 | ||
资源 | 水资源 | 距河流距离(km)* | 9.60 | 9.85 | 8.50 | 10.23 | 9.48 | 10.41 |
距河流均值系数 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.91 | ||
距河流极值系数 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.33 | ||
降水量(mm)* | 995 | 977 | 903 | 1526 | 1040 | 826 | ||
土地资源 | 土壤质量等级* | 2.11 | 2.06 | 2.13 | 2.05 | 2.10 | 2.26 | |
土壤质量均值系数 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.03 | ||
土壤质量极值系数 | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.46 | ||
生物资源 | 特色产品数量(个)* | 1.53 | 1.67 | 1.24 | 1.81 | 1.99 | 1.43 | |
区位 | 距城市远近 | 距县城空间距离(km) | 17.62 | 16.93 | 15.32 | 20.58 | 23.97 | 20.29 |
距地市空间距离(km)* | 52.17 | 53.12 | 45.17 | 54.20 | 63.23 | 57.74 | ||
交通通达度 | 距县城通达度(min)* | 35 | 33 | 31 | 37 | 41 | 39 | |
距县城均值系数* | 0.66 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.67 | 0.62 | ||
距县城极值系数 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.18 | ||
距地市通达度(min) | 66 | 65 | 56 | 68 | 84 | 76 | ||
距地市通达度均值系数 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.72 | ||
距地市通达度极值系数 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.21 | ||
市场 | 市场规模 | 县城城镇人口规模(万人) | 24.28 | 24.93 | 26.61 | 18.57 | 19.57 | 19.36 |
地市城镇人口规模(万人)* | 314.41 | 345.60 | 335.63 | 212.67 | 275.59 | 288.23 | ||
消费水平 | 县域城镇化率(%)* | 41.05 | 41.51 | 42.61 | 37.39 | 38.32 | 37.78 | |
地市城镇化率(%) | 48.60 | 49.62 | 49.98 | 41.89 | 47.15 | 48.09 | ||
地市城镇居民可支配收入(万元)* | 1.77 | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.65 | 1.64 | 1.64 | ||
经济 | 生产总值 | 县域生产总值(亿元)* | 174.15 | 186.96 | 188.54 | 116.74 | 122.13 | 116.36 |
地市生产总值(亿元) | 2206.71 | 2490.26 | 2393.02 | 1294.17 | 1674.55 | 1865.19 |
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