中欧班列对企业生产组织方式的影响——以TCL波兰工厂为例

doi:10.11821/dlxb202006005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“一带一路”倡议的实施和中欧班列开通频次的增加带动了“一带一路”沿线企业生产组织方式的变化。以TCL波兰工厂为例,深入剖析其传统的生产组织方式和现有生产组织方式的特征及二者的区别,在此基础上系统论述了中欧班列对其现有生产组织方式的影响机制及作用方式。主要结论为:① 中欧班列对TCL波兰工厂现有生产组织方式产生了深刻影响,主要表现在:原料配送时间成本降低、供应链时长缩短;原材料的“零库存”效应;市场响应能力和效益的提升;生产更加准时化、精益化,产品品质和多样化程度提升等方面。② 在中欧班列准时化跨国运输的支撑下,TCL波兰工厂摒弃传统的以“刚性大规模生产”为主的福特制生产组织方式,吸收丰田制的精髓,形成了一种特有的生产组织方式——“全球流动的即时生产”。③ TCL波兰工厂现有的生产组织方式与传统的生产组织方式有明显区别,体现在原材料的运输方式及仓储方式的变化、生产线的变化、生产方式及质量检测组织的变化等方面。

关键词: 生产组织方式, 全球流动的即时生产, 中欧班列, TCL波兰工厂

Abstract:

The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and the increasing frequency of the China-Europe Express have brought new changes to the production system of enterprises along the Belt and Road regions. On the basis of summarizing the evolution of production system of enterprises, this paper takes TCL Poland Plant as an example to conduct an in-depth study on the characteristics of the plant's current production system and its differences from the original production organization mode, and analyzes the impact of the China-Europe Express on its current production system. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) China-Europe Express had a great impact on the production system of TCL Poland Plant, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects. First, the transportation of raw materials by China-Europe Express Train improves the time efficiency and shortens the whole supply chain. Second, China-Europe Express acts as a "moving inventory", which realizes the flexibility of raw material inventory and "zero inventory" effect based on the punctual transportation. Third, the time and inventory benefits brought by China-Europe Express speed up the response to European market. The comprehensive benefits brought by China-Europe Express lead to a more punctual and lean production system, meet the diversified needs of consumers on account of product quality and diversification, and improve ability to expand European market. (2) On the basis of abandoning the original "Rigid Mass Production" system, we argue that TCL Poland Plant formed a unique production system—"Global Fluid Just-in-Time" which absorbed the essence of Toyota Production System based on the punctual global transportation of China-Europe Express Train. (3) The differences between the current and the original production systems of TCL Poland Plant are mainly focused on the following aspects: the difference of transportation and storage mode of raw materials, and the changes of production line, production mode and quality inspection organization, etc.

Key words: production system, Global Fluid Just-in-Time, China-Europe Express, TCL Poland Plant

刘慧, 顾伟男, 刘卫东, 王姣娥. 中欧班列对企业生产组织方式的影响——以TCL波兰工厂为例[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1159-1169.

LIU Hui, GU Weinan, LIU Weidong, WANG Jiao'e. The influence of China-Europe Express on the production system of enterprises:A case study of TCL Poland Plant[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(6): 1159-1169.

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	传统生产组织方式(2004—2015年)	现有生产组织方式(2016年至今)
原材料运输方式	海运	中欧班列 (以“蓉欧”快铁为主)
时长	38 d	22 d (整个供应链缩短,尤其运输环节)
原材料库存	库存堆积	无库存 (中欧班列充当“移动的库存”)
生产线	1条	5条生产线 (原有的库存占地变成生产线)
生产方式	刚性化、大规模生产	单元化、准时化、精益化生产
产品类型	单一:以彩电为主	多样化:液晶电视、手机等,以及其他代工
产品质量	产品质量存在一定问题	多样化的质量检查
市场响应时效	市场响应能力差	市场响应能力强