地理学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 75 ›› Issue (2): 226-239.doi: 10.11821/dlxb202002002
邓祥征1,2,3, 金贵4, 何书金1, 王成新5, 李兆华6, 王占岐7, 宋马林8, 杨庆媛9, 张安录10, 陈建成11
收稿日期:
2019-06-30
修回日期:
2020-01-07
出版日期:
2020-02-25
发布日期:
2020-04-25
作者简介:
邓祥征(1971-), 男, 山东日照人, 研究员, 主要从事资源利用与生态安全、全球变化、发展地理学等相关领域的研究。E-mail:dengxz@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
DENG Xiangzheng1,2,3, JIN Gui4, HE Shujin1, WANG Chengxin5, LI Zhaohua6, WANG Zhanqi7, SONG Malin8, YANG Qingyuan9, ZHANG Anlu10, CHEN Jiancheng11
Received:
2019-06-30
Revised:
2020-01-07
Published:
2020-02-25
Online:
2020-04-25
Supported by:
摘要:
本文回顾和总结了20世纪以来发展地理学的研究进展,涉及发展地理学内涵和理论、领域和方法及其发展趋势。系统梳理了发展地理学在欠发达国家或地区发展收敛、发达地区或国家生活品质提升过程中的收敛及其路径等研究内容。通过分析国外研究进展,指出了发展地理学在中国的发展条件与学科优势,并着眼于国际学术前沿最新动向与国家宏观战略需求,提出了今后中国发展地理学研究需重点关注的领域。未来发展地理学研究应以可持续发展理论为指引,以提升欠发达地区可持续生计能力与区域绿色发展水平为核心,以构建发展地理学理论和跨学科综合集成研究体系为目标,聚焦区域发展的空间格局、扩散特征与收敛研究,探索出服务于区域经济建设与产业发展的调控政策与科学路径。
邓祥征, 金贵, 何书金, 王成新, 李兆华, 王占岐, 宋马林, 杨庆媛, 张安录, 陈建成. 发展地理学研究进展与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 226-239.
DENG Xiangzheng, JIN Gui, HE Shujin, WANG Chengxin, LI Zhaohua, WANG Zhanqi, SONG Malin, YANG Qingyuan, ZHANG Anlu, CHEN Jiancheng. Research progress and prospect on development geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(2): 226-239.
表1
与发展地理学核心领域相关的千年发展目标取得的主要进展[24]
目标 | 主要进展 |
---|---|
目标1:消灭极端贫困和饥饿 | 全球生活在极端贫困中的人数从1990年的19亿下降至2015年的8.36亿;发展中国家极端贫困率从1990年的47%下降到14%。 |
目标2:普及小学教育 | 2000—2015年发展中地区的小学净入学率从83%增加到91%;1990-2015年全球15~24岁青年识字率从83%上升至91%。 |
目标3:促进男女平等和增强妇女权利 | 到2015年,发展中地区整体而言已经实现消除小学、中学和高等教育中两性差距的具体目标。 |
目标4:降低儿童死亡率 | 1990—2015年全球5岁以下儿童死亡率下降超过一半,从每1000名活产婴儿中90人死亡降至43人死亡。 |
目标5:改善孕产妇保健 | 1900—2013年每10万活产婴儿孕产妇死亡人数从380人降至210人,孕产妇死亡率下降率45%。 |
目标6:与艾滋病毒/艾滋病、疟疾和其他 疾病作斗争 | 2000—2013年新感染艾滋病毒的人数下降了约40%,从350万下降至210万。 |
目标7:确保环境的可持续能力 | 消耗臭氧层物质几乎被消除;1990—2015年全球获得改进饮用水的人口比例从76%上升到91%;2000—2014年全球发展中国家中生活在贫民窟的人口从39.4%下降到29.7%。 |
目标8:全球合作促进发展 | 2000—2014年来自发达国家的官方援助实际值从810亿美元上升至1352亿美元,增长了66%。 |
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