地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 74 ›› Issue (10): 2045-2061.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201910007

• 乡村振兴与区域发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

集聚空间组织型式对中国地市尺度工业SO2排放的影响

胡志强1,2,苗长虹1,2(),袁丰3   

  1. 1. 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心暨黄河文明传承与现代文明建设河南省协同创新中心,开封 475001
    2. 河南大学环境与规划学院,开封 475004
    3. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-03 修回日期:2019-05-19 出版日期:2019-10-25 发布日期:2019-10-29
  • 作者简介:胡志强(1988-), 男, 江苏连云港人, 博士, 讲师, 硕士生导师, 中国地理学会会员(S110012623M), 研究方向为经济地理与区域发展。E-mail: whhuzhiqiang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(No.41430637);河南省博士后基金2018年项目(No.216305)

Impact of industrial spatial and organizational agglomeration patterns on industrial SO2 emissions of prefecture-level cities in China

HU Zhiqiang1,2,MIAO Changhong1,2(),YUAN Feng3   

  1. 1. Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China;
    2. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
    3. Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China
  • Received:2018-06-03 Revised:2019-05-19 Published:2019-10-25 Online:2019-10-29
  • Supported by:
    National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.41430637);Henan Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded 2018 Project(No.216305)

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摘要：

集聚外部性是集聚影响工业污染排放的重要机制,不同的集聚空间组织型式具有不同的污染排放行为和减排效果。以中国285个地市工业SO2排放为例,依据集聚经济理论,将集聚空间组织型式细分为集聚密度、企业地理临近度、专业化、多样性、相关多样性、非相关多样性等不同类型,在系统分析工业SO2排放与集聚空间格局的基础上,通过构建计量经济模型,考察了不同集聚空间组织型式对工业SO2排放强度的影响。结果表明：① 工业SO2排放强度与工业集聚密度在空间上具有非对称性,污染排放强度西高东低,工业集聚密度、企业地理临近、多样性、相关和非相关多样性为东中高西部低;② 工业集聚对工业SO2排放强度的影响存在空间溢出效应,相邻地区集聚密度、多样性和相关多样性水平的上升有利于本区域工业污染排放强度的下降,但专业化水平的上升则会提升本区域的工业污染排放强度;③ 提高集聚密度、引导企业集中布局有利于工业SO2排放强度下降,多样且关联的产业组织结构有利于污染减排,而专业化和非关联产业的集中会提高污染排放强度;④ 集聚型式对工业SO2排放强度的影响存在区域和城市规模上的异质性,集聚密度、企业地理临近、多样性和相关多样性对中西部污染减排的作用比东部明显,专业化和非相关多样性不利于东中部地区的污染减排;城区人口规模20万以下的小城市提高集聚密度、减少多样性特别是非相关多样性更有利于污染减排;城区人口规模20~50万的小城市和50~100万的中等城市,提高企业的地理接近度和多样性水平特别是相关多样性水平,有利于其降低污染排放强度;城区人口规模在100万以上的大城市,提高集聚密度和产业多样性水平在一定程度上有利于其污染减排,但其减排效果因拥挤效应而明显下降;⑤ 进一步降低工业SO2排放强度,需要走集聚化道路,坚持提高集聚密度,因地制宜引导企业集中布局,着力提高产业在关联基础上的多样性水平,加强区域间联防联控,重视区域间的产业联系与环保合作。

关键词: 集聚外部性, 污染排放强度, 集聚空间组织型式, 空间溢出, 工业SO2排放

Abstract:

Agglomeration externality is an important mechanism for reducing industrial pollution emission. Different agglomeration patterns correspond to different pollution emission behaviors and effects. Based on the theory of agglomeration economies and the industrial data from 285 China's prefecture-level cities, this paper differentiates the agglomeration patterns into different types such as agglomeration density, geographical proximity, specialization, diversity, related diversity, and unrelated diversity from the spatial and organizational perspectives, and investigates the spatial patterns of industrial SO2 pollution intensity and industrial agglomeration levels, and examines the effects of different agglomeration types on industrial SO2 emissions by building econometric models. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There exists the asymmetric spatial distribution between the industrial SO2 pollution intensity and the industrial agglomeration levels. The pollution intensity is higher in the west, but lower in the east. The levels of agglomeration density, geographic proximity, diversity, related diversity and unrelated diversity are higher in the eastern and central regions, but lower in the western. (2) There is the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on industrial SO2 pollution. The geographical agglomeration, diversity, and related diversity in neighboring regions have a negative impact on industrial pollution, while specialization has a positive effect. (3) Raising the agglomeration scale and guiding enterprises concentrated in industrial parks can help to reduce industrial SO2 emissions, and promoting the diverse and related industrial agglomeration is conducive to pollution reduction, while unrelated industries agglomeration will increase pollution emissions. (4) The impact of industrial agglomeration on industrial SO2 emissions has a notable spatial heterogeneity. Agglomeration density, geographic proximity, diversity and related diversity play a more significant role in pollution reduction in the central and western regions, while specialization and unrelated diversity are not conducive to pollution reduction in the eastern and central regions; Increasing agglomeration density and reducing diversity and unrelated diversity level are more beneficial to the small cities; Improving the geographic proximity, industrial diversity and related diversity levels are more helpful to the medium- and small-sized cites, but the reduction effect for the large cities goes obviously down because of the crowding effect. (5) To further reduce the intensity of industrial SO2 emissions, it is necessary to take the road of agglomeration, persist on increasing agglomeration density, guide enterprises' centralized layout, improve the level of industrial diversity based on technology association, strengthen the joint prevention and control among neighboring regions, and focus on the industrial linkage and environmental protection cooperation between regions.

Key words: agglomeration externality, pollution emission intensity, spatial and organizational agglomeration pattern, spatial spillover, industrial SO2 emissions