新仙女木期黄河晋陕峡谷古风成沙层年代及其物质来源

doi:10.11821/dlxb201705003

地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (5): 790-803.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201705003

新仙女木期黄河晋陕峡谷古风成沙层年代及其物质来源

张玉柱^1,²(), 黄春长³, 陈莹璐³, 谭志海⁴, 杨利荣², 张云翔², 邱海军¹, 刘波¹, 赵发珠¹

1. 西北大学城市与环境学院,西安 710127
2. 西北大学地质系,西安 710069
3. 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安 710119
4. 西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,西安 710048

收稿日期:2016-12-15 修回日期:2017-03-20 出版日期:2017-05-20 发布日期:2017-05-20
作者简介:
作者简介：张玉柱(1987-), 男, 山东临沂人, 博士, 讲师, 中国地理学会会员(S110010398M), 主要从事环境变迁与人地关系演变研究。E-mail: xbdzyz05@nwu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41471071, 41401602);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M59289);陕西省重点科技创新团队计划(2014KCT-27)

Age and provenance of Younger Dryas paleo-aeolian sandlayers in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River

Yuzhu ZHANG^1,²(), Chunchang HUANG³, Yinglu CHEN³, Zhihai TAN⁴, Lirong YANG², Yunxiang ZHANG², Haijun QIU¹, Bo LIU¹, Fazhu ZHAO¹

1. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
2. Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
3. College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
4. College of Environmental Sciences and Chemistry Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China

Received:2016-12-15 Revised:2017-03-20 Published:2017-05-20 Online:2017-05-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41471071, No.41401602;Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Fundation, No.2016M592829;Program for Key Science and Technology Innovation Team in Shaanxi Province, No.2014KCT-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对黄河晋陕峡谷壶口至龙门段开展广泛细致的野外考察,发现了典型的晚更新世以来黄土—土壤层夹古风成沙层剖面—北桑峪剖面（BSY）。结合不同类型沉积物的野外宏观特征、磁化率、粒度成分、石英颗粒表面特征和地球化学元素的对比分析,确定黄河晋陕峡谷壶口至龙门段BSY剖面中所夹古风成沙层的性质为中沙质细沙,是在干旱多风环境下形成的沙质沉积物。基于光释光（OSL）测年数据,确定其沉积年代为12.5-11.6 ka,记录了黄河中游发生在末次冰消期的极端干旱事件,其与相邻区域沙漠/黄土过渡带中湖沼沉积和风成黄土—古土壤剖面记录的新仙女木事件相对应。该剖面中古风成沙沉积物的物质来源,主要来自黄河晋陕峡谷的古河床相沙层物质。这是因为该河段处于干旱半干旱季风气候区,在新仙女木时期,黄河晋陕峡谷处于极端干冷的环境之中,冬季风强盛、夏季风衰弱,黄河水位下降明显,河漫滩和江心洲将大面积出露,大量的沙物质在风力作用下向岸边输移,成为河谷两侧缓坡台地上古风成沙沉积层出现的主要沙源地。这个研究成果对于进一步揭示黄河中游流域极端干旱事件发生的时间性规律及其与季风气候变化的关系,具有重要的科学意义。

关键词: 黄河, 晋陕峡谷, 新仙女木, 古风成沙层, 光释光测年

Abstract:

Fieldwork investigations were carried out in the Hukou-Longmen reach in the Jin-Shaan (Shanxi-Shaanxi) Gorges of the Yellow River. Paleo-aeolian sand layers were found interbedded in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene loess-soil profile—Beisangyu profile (BSY). Analytical results, including field investigation, magnetic susceptibility, grain-size distribution, surface textures of quartz sand, and geochemical elements, indicate that the paleo-aeolian sands are medium-sized sandy fine sands, which were formed in a dry and windy climate. And the extreme drought events recorded by paleo-aeolian sand layers were dated to 12.5-11.6 ka, with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating method. The extreme drought event coincided with the Younger Dryas that was recorded by the lacustrine sediment profiles and the aeolian loess-soil profiles in the desert/loess transitional zone in the adjacent region. The paleo-aeolian sands were sourced mainly from ancient riverbed sands in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River. The Jin-Shaan Gorges is situated in a semi-arid zone with a temperate continental monsoonal climate. The region responds sensitively to global change. During the Younger Dryas period, the region is in an extremely dry and cold environment, with strong winter monsoon and weak summer monsoon. The water level of the Yellow River will decline obviously. Consequently, floodplains and channel bars in the river are exposed in a broad area, and a large quantity of sand material drifts to the banks of the river under the force of the wind, which becomes the main source of the paleo-aeolian sand layer in the platforms on the gentle slopes on both sides of the river valley. These results would be of great significance in further understanding the temporal regularities of the extreme drought event and the relations between extreme drought event and monsoonal climate change.

Key words: Yellow River, Jin-Shaan Gorges, Younger Dryas, paleo-aeolian sand layer, OSL dating

张玉柱, 黄春长, 陈莹璐, 谭志海, 杨利荣, 张云翔, 邱海军, 刘波, 赵发珠. 新仙女木期黄河晋陕峡谷古风成沙层年代及其物质来源[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(5): 790-803.

Yuzhu ZHANG, Chunchang HUANG, Yinglu CHEN, Zhihai TAN, Lirong YANG, Yunxiang ZHANG, Haijun QIU, Bo LIU, Fazhu ZHAO. Age and provenance of Younger Dryas paleo-aeolian sandlayers in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(5): 790-803.

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沉积地层	地层符号	颜色	地层描述
坡积土层 (20~0 cm)	Slope deposit (SD)	灰黄色	坡积石渣土,分选极差,含有中间夹有坡积物角砾石块,厚度在10~20 cm之间。
古风成沙层 (500~20 cm)	Aeolian sand	灰黄色	中沙质细沙,分选极好,很疏松,马兰黄土地形面延展,厚度在50~400 cm之间,水平延伸距离达10 m,高度由顶部至两坡侧逐渐降低,直至尖灭,古风成沙层中可见到明显的风成层理,包括了厚度极薄(小于或等于1~2 mm)的加积纹层构成的水平层理,厚度在几毫米至数厘米前积纹层构成的倾向偏南的平板状或楔形交错层理,以及由加积纹层与前积纹层组成的水平—交错层理。
马兰黄土层 (> 500 cm)	Malan loess (L₁)	浊黄橙色	极细沙质粉沙,分选好,块状构造,疏松多孔,厚度大于500 cm,未见底。
现代河床相沙层	Riverbed sand	灰黄色	粉沙质中沙,分选较好,很疏松。
现代沙丘沙层	Modern dune sand	棕黄色	中沙质细沙,分选极好,很疏松。

样品编号	地层层位	深度 (cm)	U (ppm)	Th (ppm)	K (%)	含水量 (%)	等效剂量 De (Gy)	环境剂量 Dy (Gy ka^-1)	年龄 (ka)
BSY-1	古风成沙层	22.5	1.02±0.05	4.97±0.17	2.16±0.06	14.0	30.39±1.64	2.64±0.06	11.6±0.7
BSY-2	古风成沙层	52.5	0.81±0.05	3.89±0.14	2.21±0.06	14.0	27.98±1.02	2.34±0.06	11.9±0.5
BSY-3	古风成沙层	497.5	1.10±0.06	4.72±0.17	2.18±0.06	14.0	32.02±1.02	2.55±0.06	12.5±0.5
BSY-4	马兰黄土层	502.5	2.46±0.10	11.30±0.32	1.76±0.06	15.8	36.73±1.20	2.92±0.07	12.6±0.5

沉积地层	低频磁化率(×10^-8m³/kg)	高频磁化率(×10^-8m³/kg)	频率磁化率(%)
古风成沙层上部	27.12	26.46	2.43
古风成沙层下部	28.54	26.38	7.57
马兰黄土层	34.65	33.24	4.07
现代河床相沙层	25.80	24.43	5.31
现代沙丘沙层	14.52	14.33	1.31

沉积地层	粘土 (<2 μm, %)	粉沙 (2~63 μm, %)	极细沙 (63~125 μm, %)	细沙 (125~250 μm, %)	中沙 (250~500 μm, %)	粗沙 (>500 μm, %)
古风成沙层上部	0.00	2.87	12.20	45.86	36.82	2.25
古风成沙层下部	0.00	2.79	13.80	45.59	35.19	2.63
马兰黄土层	5.92	71.07	20.77	1.71	0.41	0.12
现代河床相沙层	2.97	24.94	12.03	17.39	31.58	11.09
现代沙丘沙层	0.83	2.26	11.70	58.80	25.60	0.83

沉积地层	中值粒径(Md, μm)	平均粒径(Mz, μm)	标准偏差(σ)	分选系数(S)	偏态(SK)	峰态(Kg)
古风成沙层上部	219.05	213.17	0.73	0.49	0.09	0.99
古风成沙层下部	213.17	228.12	0.75	0.51	0.09	0.99
马兰黄土层	38.02	31.34	1.60	0.79	0.41	1.56
现代河床相沙层	203.49	140.98	2.04	1.33	0.49	1.11
现代沙丘沙层	196.50	178.70	0.60	0.39	0.10	1.09

新仙女木期黄河晋陕峡谷古风成沙层年代及其物质来源

Age and provenance of Younger Dryas paleo-aeolian sandlayers in the Jin-Shaan Gorges of the Yellow River

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沉积地层	Fe₂O₃ (%)	SiO₂ (%)	Al₂O₃ (%)	MgO (%)	CaO (%)	Na₂O (%)	Ba (ppm)	Rb (ppm)	Sr (ppm)	Cu (ppm)	Cr (ppm)	Zr (ppm)
古风成沙层上部	1.53	61.42	8.76	0.64	2.58	3.37	631.60	66.00	269.60	2.80	22.80	183.40
古风成沙层下部	1.58	59.08	8.47	0.68	2.72	3.15	603.90	65.90	272.60	2.30	25.90	166.90
马兰黄土层	4.12	55.51	11.31	1.92	5.96	1.46	498.80	84.60	180.30	17.60	59.20	256.60
现代河床相沙层	1.38	66.84	6.43	0.57	2.71	2.17	530.70	62.10	168.40	4.00	21.50	158.50
现代沙丘沙层	1.49	81.29	7.13	0.62	1.06	1.48	497.10	55.80	113.30	6.40	119.30	119.80

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