中国边境地缘经济的空间差异及影响机制

doi:10.11821/dlxb201710001

地理学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (10): 1731-1745.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201710001

• 区域与产业地理 • 下一篇

中国边境地缘经济的空间差异及影响机制

宋涛^1,²(), 程艺^1,³(), 刘卫东¹, 刘慧^1,⁴

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国西南地缘环境与边疆发展协同创新中心,昆明 650500
3. 中国建筑设计研究院城镇规划设计研究院,北京 100044
4. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2016-11-16 修回日期:2017-03-05 出版日期:2017-11-10 发布日期:2017-11-06
作者简介:
作者简介：宋涛(1983-), 男, 山西太原人, 博士, 助理研究员, 中国地理学会会员(S110010078M), 主要研究方向为地缘政治、区域可持续发展。E-mail:songtao@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41701131, 41530634, 41530751);中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院重大咨询项目(Y02015001);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所特色所培育项目(Y55R1203YZ)

The spatial disparity and impact mechanism of geo-economy in the border areas of China

Tao SONG^1,²(), Yi CHENG^1,³(), Weidong LIU¹, Hui LIU^1,⁴

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Geopolitical Setting of Southwest China and Borderland Development, Kunming 650500, China
3. Town Planning & Research Institute, CADG, Beijing 100044, China;
4. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2016-11-16 Revised:2017-03-05 Published:2017-11-10 Online:2017-11-06
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41701131, No.41530634, No.41530751;Key Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Strategic Consulting, No.Y02015001;Project of Featured Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Cultivation, CAS, NO.Y55R1203YZ

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

边境地区是国家重要的国土安全屏障和对外开放门户,深刻分析复杂地缘环境下,中国内陆边境地区的地缘经济合作现状及其影响机制,对于挖掘利用边境传统优势,促进中国边境、民族地区加速发展意义重大。在综合分析边境地缘经济理论的基础之上,搭建地缘经济分析框架,纳入本地经济、外向型经济、本地综合发展三大类指标后,系统刻画了中国边境地区的地缘经济发展及演化。并通过地理探测器剖析了中国边境地区地缘经济空间分异的机制。研究结果发现,边境地区的地缘经济综合发展水平总体平稳增长,空间分异明显。东北地区地缘经济的绝对优势地位逐渐下降。优势地区在空间上高度分散,呈现以东北地区的牡丹江市、内蒙古地区的包头市、新疆地区的博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、云南广西地区的德宏傣族景颇族自治州、崇左市为增长极核的空间极化格局。边境地区的地缘经济主要受国家政策的影响,以及邻国发展水平、与中国展开双边贸易的合作意愿等。政策优惠指数、交通通达度、文化接近度等因素对边境地缘经济影响显著。其中,内蒙古地区、西藏地区以邻国影响为主;东北地区、新疆地区以中国政策影响为主;云南广西地区为综合因素影响。最后,文章提出复杂地缘环境下,差异化边境地区地缘经济发展的政策建议及启示。

关键词: 边境地区, 地缘经济, 地缘政治, 地理探测器, 一带一路, 中国

Abstract:

The border region is of great significance for national security and external economic development. In the context of complex geopolitical environment, it is urgent to conduct a deep analysis of the geo-economic cooperation and its impact mechanism for accelerating development in China's border areas. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of the frontier geo-economic theory, the framework of geo-economic analysis is built up in this paper, including three major categories of indicators: local economy, export-oriented economy, and local economic development. This paper systematically depicts the geo-economic development and its evolution in China's border areas. By using the GeogDetector, the mechanism of spatial disparity is also analyzed. It is found that the level of geo-economic development in border areas is generally stable, with obvious spatial differentiation. The absolute advantage position of geo-economy in Northeast China has gradually in a decline, while the advanced areas are highly dispersed geographically. The growth poles for geo-economic development include the Mudanjiang in Northeast China, Baotou in Inner Mongolia of North China, Bortala Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang of Northwest China, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan of Southwest China, as well as Chongzuo in Guangxi of South China. The geo-economy of the border areas are mainly influenced by the national policies, the development level of its neighbors, as well as the willingness on bilateral trade. National policies, traffic accessibility, and cultural proximity have significantly affected the geo-economic performance. Among them, the geo-economic performances of Inner Mongolia and Tibet are mainly affected by the development of neighboring countries, the northeast region and Xinjiang are mainly affected by policy supports, while Guangxi and Yunnan are affected by comprehensive factors. Finally, this paper puts forward policy suggestions and implications for geo-economic development in China's border areas in the complex geographical environment.

Key words: border areas, geo-politics, geo-economy, GeogDetector, the belt and road initiative, China

宋涛, 程艺, 刘卫东, 刘慧. 中国边境地缘经济的空间差异及影响机制[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(10): 1731-1745.

Tao SONG, Yi CHENG, Weidong LIU, Hui LIU. The spatial disparity and impact mechanism of geo-economy in the border areas of China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(10): 1731-1745.

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	土地(万km²)	边境地区占比(%)	人口(万人)	边境地区占比(%)	GDP(亿元)	边境地区占比(%)
边境地区	200.2	100	3144	100	8884	100
沿边九省区	593.19	33.7	28156	11.2	120758	7.4
西部地区	687.97	29.1	36839	8.5	138099	6.4
全国	963.43	20.8	136782	2.3	643974	1.4

系统层	指标层	权重
本地经济(0.311)	人均GDP(元)	0.082
	人均地方财政收入(元)	0.073
	固定资产投资(亿元)	0.102
	年末金融机构存款余额(亿元)	0.054
外向经济(0.405)	进出口贸易额(万美元)	0.107
	外贸依存度(%)	0.111
	旅游外汇收入(万美元)	0.084
	外资依存度(%)	0.103
本地综合发展(0.284)	从业人员(万人)	0.057
	职工平均工资(元)	0.042
	邮电业务总量(亿元)	0.101
	公路总里程占比(km/km²)	0.084

指标	指标解释	数据来源	指标影响
国家脆弱性指数	国家抵抗国际冲突及暴力事件的能力	CSP	-
文化接近度	地区与邻国文化相似性程度	五普、六普	+
双边经济融合水平	双边国家的自由贸易程度	赋值	+
邻国发展实力	邻国经济、对外贸易综合发展水平	世界银行	+
市场机会	邻国与地区的经济发展差异程度	世界银行	+
政策优惠指数	国家政策对地区发展的支持程度	赋值	+
口岸数量	地区对外贸易	中国口岸年鉴	+
城镇化率	地区城镇化水平	统计年鉴	+
二三产比重	地区非农化经济水平	统计年鉴	+
交通通达度	地区交通便利化程度	综合计算	+

	国家脆弱性指数	文化接近度	双边经济融合水平	邻国发展实力	市场机会	政策优惠指数	口岸数量	城镇化率
2000年	0.098	0.214	0.485	0.078	0.045	0.578	0.252	0.141
2005年	0.046	0.261	0.526	0.080	0.068	0.523	0.145	0.235
2010年	0.307	0.194	0.229	0.281	0.147	0.427	0.234	0.273
2014年	0.112	0.282	0.264	0.094	0.294	0.650	0.213	0.196

	国家脆弱性指数	文化接近度	双边经济融合水平	邻国发展实力	市场机会	政策优惠指数	口岸数量	城镇化率	二三产比重	交通通达度
内蒙古地区	0.484	0.420	0.346	0.489	0.326	0.073	0.163	0.378	0.360	0.132
东北地区	0.201	0.255	0.398	0.301	0.181	0.640	0.302	0.304	0.249	0.393
新疆地区	0.106	0.185	0.278	0.305	0.119	0.502	0.290	0.222	0.140	0.226
西藏地区	0.085	0.100	0.756	0.934	0.314	0.083	0.112	0.097	0.111	0.111
云南广西地区	0.477	0.176	0.402	0.434	0.126	0.441	0.267	0.230	0.330	0.234

中国边境地缘经济的空间差异及影响机制

The spatial disparity and impact mechanism of geo-economy in the border areas of China

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