曾昭璇先生对南海地理研究的重要贡献

doi:10.11821/dlxb201603013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

曾昭璇先生是中国著名的地理学家,地貌学家和教育家.他在学术生涯的不同阶段对地貌学,自然地理学,历史地理学,人类地理学等学科领域均有积极的探索,他对南海地理问题的研究贯穿他的一生,为中国南海地理研究作出重要贡献.他深入研究南海海岸地貌,珊瑚礁地貌,主张采用"地形类型分析法"划分海岸类型,将中国海岸类型划分为山地港湾岸,台地岸与平原岸;他与梁景芬等合著《中国珊瑚礁地貌研究》,系统论述中国珊瑚礁探测史和石珊瑚的种属,生态,地貌特征与发育,并将中国珊瑚礁划分为四大区,六种地貌类型;他完善了珊瑚礁地貌土地名分类,根据《更路簿》划分南海珊瑚岛礁分布区,绘制珊瑚岛礁探测图;他利用历史文献资料考证"石塘"等南海诸岛古地名;他从地质学与地貌学角度论证南海诸岛与中国大陆的陆缘关系,还利用历史地理与地方志等资料佐证了南海诸岛自古以来就是中国的固有领土.

关键词: 曾昭璇, 南海, 珊瑚礁, 更路簿

Abstract:

Professor Zeng Zhaoxuan was an outstanding geographer. He published numerous articles in various fields of geography, including geomorphology, physical geography and historical geography. Based on long-term field surveys, he studied coastal geomorphology and coral reef geomorphology of the South China Sea, and divided the coast of China into mountainous coast, platform coast and plain coast. In the book China's Coral Reef Geomorphology Research, he and the coauthors Liang Jingfen, et al., systematically reviewed the history of coral reef detection and the species, ecology, geomorphic features and growth of Scleractinia, and divided coral reefs of China into four major areas as well as six geomorphic types. He believed that Genglubu might date back to the Song Dynasty, but the existing version mainly came from the Ming Dynasty. He perfected the classification of folk place name of coral reef geomorphology, divided the distribution area of coral reefs in the South China Sea and drew coral reef detecting map according to Genglubu. From the geological and geomorphological perspectives, he not only demonstrated continental margin relations between the Chinese mainland and the South China Sea Islands, but also showed the evidence that South China Sea is China's inherent territory using the data of historical geography and local chronicles.

Key words: Zeng Zhaoxuan, South China Sea, coral reef, Genglubu

赵亮, 张争胜, 南文龙. 曾昭璇先生对南海地理研究的重要贡献[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(3): 515-523.

Liang ZHAO, Zhengsheng ZHANG, Wenlong NAN. Zeng Zhaoxuan's contributions to the geographical research of the South China Sea[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(3): 515-523.

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土地名通名	同义	地貌类型	释义	举例
塘	棠,筐,匡,圈,圹	环礁	环礁地形	石塘,筐仔,大匡,二匡,三匡,深匡等6个
峙	寺,岛	洲,岛	小岛,小沙洲	下峙,尾峙,银峙,双峙,七连峙,铁峙等27个
岛	洲	洲,岛	四面被水围着的陆地	把岛,红草岛,铁岛,尾岛,南秘岛等10个
山马		洲,岛	海南话"陆地"	黄山马,马东等2个
沙	线,沙排,沙仔	暗礁	水下暗礁地形	红草沙排,半路沙,三角沙,五凤沙等39个
线	沙,线仔	暗礁	海南话与"沙"音近,暗滩	半路线,南乙线仔,铁线,高杯线,丑未线等15个
线排	线排	暗沙	水下暗礁,沉水不深,成排状	红草线排,铁峙线排,线排等3个
石	盘	礁头	出水面的礁块,大面积称"盘"	零仁石,染青石,双帆石等3个
门	水道,凤,孔	门	礁体间水沟	六门礁,恶落门等5个
郎	廊,栏,笼	暗滩	水下暗礁,但不碍航行	八辛郎,大笼等2个