黄河内蒙古河段非汛期和汛期冲淤量计算方法

doi:10.11821/dlxb201507010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于多沙河流“多来多排”的经验输沙公式,建立了考虑上站来沙量、前期河床累计淤积量、临界输沙水量及干支流泥沙粒径影响的非汛期和汛期输沙量一般表达式。在此基础上,根据黄河内蒙古河段1952-2010年实测的水沙资料,将其应用于黄河内蒙古河段巴彦高勒—三湖河口河段、三湖河口—头道拐河段以及巴彦高勒—头道拐全河段非汛期和汛期输沙量的计算,并应用输沙率法计算了各河段1952-2010年的非汛期和汛期冲淤量及其相应的累计冲淤量。通过输沙量、冲淤量和累计冲淤量计算值与实测值的对比表明,各河段非汛期和汛期输沙量、冲淤量及相应的累计淤积量计算值与实测值的吻合较好,其中非汛期和汛期输沙量计算值和实测值之间的相关系数R²分别约为0.93和0.97;非汛期和汛期冲淤量计算值与实测值之间的相关系数R²分别约为0.80和0.90;非汛期和汛期累计冲淤量之间的相关系数R²分别约为0.94和0.99。结果表明,就吻合程度而言,累计冲淤量优于年冲淤量,汛期优于非汛期。本文建立的冲淤量方法能够很好模拟该河段长历时的非汛期和汛期冲淤过程,可为黄河内蒙古河段输沙量及长期淤积发展趋势的分析提供科学依据。

关键词: 黄河内蒙古河段, 输沙量, 冲淤量, 非汛期和汛期

Abstract:

：Based on the empirical sediment transport equation that reflects the characteristics of "more input, more output" for sediment-laden flow rivers, a general sediment transport expression was developed, which takes into account the effects of upstream sediment input, previous cumulative erosion and sedimentation, critical water volume for sediment initiation and the differences of sediment sizes between the main stream and its tributaries. Then, sediment load equations of non-flood and flood seasons for the sub-reaches from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou and from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai, as well as the whole Inner Mongolia reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai, were obtained based on measured data from 1952 to 2010. Furthermore, the corresponding erosion and sedimentation and the cumulative values at each river reach were calculated using the proposed sediment transport equations for the period from 1952 to 2010 according to the principle of sediment conservation. Comparisons between the calculated and measured values using the proposed sediment load equations for the sub-reaches and the whole reach show that the calculated sediment load and erosion and sedimentation and corresponding cumulative values in the non-flood and flood seasons were in good agreement with measurements; the determination coefficient R² between the calculated and measured sediment load is about 0.93 and 0.97 for the non-flood and flood season, respectively; the determination coefficient R² between calculated and measured the erosion and sedimentation for the non-flood and flood season is about 0.80 and 0.90; and the R² between the calculated and measured cumulative erosion and sedimentation is about 0.94 and 0.99. It is obvious that the agreement of cumulative erosion and sedimentation was higher than that of the corresponding annual values, and the agreement of flood seasons was higher than that of non-flood seasons. These results indicated that the proposed methods can be applied to calculate the sediment load and erosion and sedimentation in the non-flood and flood seasons; and they can provide a scientific basis for the analysis of sediment load and the long-term trend of sediment deposition in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.

Key words: Inner Mongolia reach of the Upper Yellow River, sediment load, erosion and sedimentation, non-flood and flood seasons

王彦君, 吴保生, 王永强, 钟德钰. 黄河内蒙古河段非汛期和汛期冲淤量计算方法[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(7): 1137-1148.

Yanjun WANG, Baosheng WU, Yongqiang WANG, Deyu ZHONG. Calculation methods for deposition volume in non-flood and flood seasons in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(7): 1137-1148.

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年份	时段	多年平均冲淤量(亿t)
年份	时段	巴头段	巴三段	三头段
1952-1960	非汛期	0.079	0.052	0.028
1952-1960	汛期	0.894	0.374	0.520
1961-1986	非汛期	0.014	0.020	-0.034
1961-1986	汛期	0.048	-0.112	0.160
1987-2010	非汛期	0.130	0.100	0.030
1987-2010	汛期	0.412	0.080	0.331
1952-2010	非汛期	0.059	0.057	0.002
1952-2010	汛期	0.325	0.040	0.285