“东突暴恐”事件的批判地缘政治分析

doi:10.11821/dlxb201510009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国网络媒体对其境内“东突”极端分裂势力制造的暴力恐怖活动的话语实践以及受众群体对此类话语的回应为分析对象,援引批判（流行文化）地缘政治研究理论,利用语义分析和“网络民族志”的方法,探讨了媒体和受众群体作为地理知识生产的场所对新疆及其相关空间的地理意义进行生产和协商的方式,并讨论了由此而生的新疆地理想象与中国政府反恐策略的互动机制。研究发现,媒体以文本表征的手段生产了新疆及其相关空间的消极地理知识、建构了消极的地理想象,这些地理意义的产生在受众的“消费”过程中又不断地被协商与再生产。此外,这些地理意义的生产和协商与国家制定的反恐怖主义政策始终是一致的,它们是国家制定反恐策略的重要参考消息来源之一。从人文地理学角度来讲,将人们日常生活（包括表征和非表征的行为实践）对地理意义的生产过程纳入到人文地理的研究范畴中来。从地缘政治学的角度来讲,研究颠覆了传统的、本体论上的、客观的自然环境对国家政治决策发挥影响作用的地缘政治研究范式,将想象地理作为人文地理学的重要研究对象进行了尝试。此外,从实践意义来讲,本文对网络媒体及受众对地理知识生产的讨论对政府的话语权管理具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 批判地缘政治, “东突暴恐”事件, 网络媒体, 读者, 地理想象

Abstract:

Widely influenced by "violence and terrorism" activities that are organized by the terrorist organization "the East Turkistan Movement" in China, the imaginative geography of Xinjiang has recently changed a lot. As "the East Turkistan Movement" tries to secede Xinjiang away from China by carrying out "violence and terrorism" activities in and out of Xinjiang, the geographical imagination of Xinjiang is gradually changing from a place of beauty and romance into a space of terror and danger. This article focuses on the variation of the geographical imagination of Xinjiang by exploring how Chinese internet media have impact upon it, and discusses how such variation gets involved into Chinese government's policy of anti-terrorism by employing the theory of critical (popular) geopolitics. To this regard, this article pays attention to how Chinese internet media, such as Baidu News, 360 News, Sougou News, and Sina Weibo, produce, practice, negotiate, and reproduce the geographical meanings of the place and space of Xinjiang, by drawing on the textual analysis and online anthropological exploration of the discursive practice of abovementioned internet media and audiences' responses to them. In doing so, this article summarizes the empirical studies in this body of research. It can be concluded that, the internet media produces the negative geographical knowledge of Xinjiang by representing and spreading the information of "violence and terrorism" activities in and out of Xinjiang, and thereby constructing the negative geographical imagination of Xinjiang. Furthermore, such imagination is incessantly negotiated and reproduced in the process of media consuming by audiences. The negotiation and the reproduction of the geographical meanings of Xinjiang positively get involved into and keep in consistence with Chinese government's policy of anti-terrorism, thus the critical (popular) geopolitics model of Chinese anti-terrorism is constructed in the end of this article. Finally, this article could be widely read as a contribution to: (1) human geography, which gets engaged in the discussion of people's everyday life in producing geographical meanings into geography studies; (2) geopolitics, which subverts the paradigm of traditional geopolitical studies that focuses on the influence of the ontological and objective geography upon statecraft practices, and turns to viewing the imaginative geography as an important research object in geopolitical studies; (3) governance, by which the study of internet media is valuable and meaningful for government's guidance of the discourse of mass media.

Key words: critical geopolitics, "East Turkistan violence and terrorism" activities, internet media, audience, geographical imagination

安宁, 朱竑. “东突暴恐”事件的批判地缘政治分析[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(10): 1650-1663.

Ning AN, Hong ZHU. A critical geopolitical analysis of "East Turkistan violence and terrorism" activities in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(10): 1650-1663.

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地理名词	频次	其他名词	频次	动词	频次	形容词/副词	频次
新疆	2136	恐怖事件	611	恐怖袭击	245	暴力	1631
乌鲁木齐	295	案件	422	谴责	189	恐怖	657
昆明	213	暴徒	192	分裂	167	严重	466
喀什	158	暴力事件	133	造成	131	强烈	133
叶城	214	宗教	131	袭击	130	反恐	110
乌什	92	恐怖分子	123	组织	111	稳定	82
和田	89	恐怖活动	98	策划	90	安全	38
莎车县	60	民族	87	犯罪	87	无辜	38
北京	58	活动	83	击毙	84	境外	38
火车站	57	民警	65	打击	54	依法	37
社区	49	警方	59	牺牲	50	国际	35
公安局	32	暴力犯罪	49	遇害	50	非法	34
派出所	29	恐怖主义	45	声讨	47	境内	24
…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

词汇	新闻	html	news	搜狗	记者	地区	people	sina	消息
词频	1125	707	495	187	155	124	84	78	69
词汇	媒体	视频	思想	发生	共同	社会	新华网	今年	…
词频	56	52	51	49	48	43	39	38	…