地理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 69 ›› Issue (9): 1326-1345.doi: 10.11821/dlxb201409007
王劲峰1(), 葛咏1, 李连发1, 孟斌2, 武继磊3, 柏延臣4, 杜世宏5, 廖一兰1, 胡茂桂1, 徐成东1
收稿日期:
2014-07-08
修回日期:
2014-07-27
出版日期:
2014-09-17
发布日期:
2014-09-17
作者简介:
作者简介:王劲峰 (1965-), 男, 研究员, 中国地理学会会员 (BJ1566), 从事地理信息科学的理论创新和实践。E-mail:
基金资助:
Jinfeng WANG1(), Yong GE1, Lianfa LI1, Bin MENG2, Jilei WU3, Yanchen BO4, Shihong DU5, Yilan LIAO1, Maogui HU1, Chengdong XU1
Received:
2014-07-08
Revised:
2014-07-27
Published:
2014-09-17
Online:
2014-09-17
摘要:
随着地理空间观测数据的多年积累,地球环境、社会和健康数据监测能力的增强,地理信息系统和计算机网络的发展,时空数据集大量生成,时空数据分析实践呈现快速增长。本文对此进行了分析和归纳,总结了时空数据分析的7类主要方法,包括:时空数据可视化,目的是通过视觉启发假设和选择分析模型;空间统计指标的时序分析,反映空间格局随时间变化;时空变化指标,体现时空变化的综合统计量;时空格局和异常探测,揭示时空过程的不变和变化部分;时空插值,以获得未抽样点的数值;时空回归,建立因变量和解释变量之间的统计关系;时空过程建模,建立时空过程的机理数学模型;时空演化树,利用空间数据重建时空演化路径。通过简述这些方法的基本原理、输入输出、适用条件以及软件实现,为时空数据分析提供工具和方法手段。
王劲峰, 葛咏, 李连发, 孟斌, 武继磊, 柏延臣, 杜世宏, 廖一兰, 胡茂桂, 徐成东. 地理学时空数据分析方法[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(9): 1326-1345.
Jinfeng WANG, Yong GE, Lianfa LI, Bin MENG, Jilei WU, Yanchen BO, Shihong DU, Yilan LIAO, Maogui HU, Chengdong XU. Spatiotemporal data analysis in geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(9): 1326-1345.
表1
地理学与统计学名词比较
地理学 | 过程Process | 格局Pattern | 数据集Dataset | 数据单元Data unit | 数据Data |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
空间 统计学 举例 | 超总体 Superpopulation Y(s,t) for ∀s&∀t GDP(s,t), s = 1,…,3000, t = 1,…, 65 | 总体 Population Y(s) for ∀s GDP(s), s = 1,…,3000 | 样本 Sample y(s) for ?s GDP(s), s = 1,…,300 | 样本单元 Sample unit s s = 1,…, 3000 | 变量 Variable y(s) for s GDP(s) s ∈ [1, 3000] |
时空 统计学 举例 | 超总体 Superpopulation ? | 总体 Population Y(s,t) for ∀s &∀t GDP(s,t), s = 1,…,3000 t = 1,…,65 | 样本 Sample y(s,t)for ?s &?t GDP(s,t), s = 1,…,300 t = 1,…,10 | 样本单元 Sample unit (s,t) s = 1,…, 3000 t = 1, …, 10 | 变量 Variable y(s,t) for (s, t) GDP(s,t) s ∈ [1, 3000] t ∈ [1, 65] |
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