日常生活视野中的旅游社区空间再生产研究——基于列斐伏尔与德塞图的理论视角

doi:10.11821/dlxb201410015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在空间与旅游地空间的相关研究中,社区居民及其日常生活所扮演的角色未得到充分的重视.而本文试图转向微观层面,关注空间演化中居民与日常生活的力量.研究以世界文化遗产“开平碉楼与村落”核心区马降龙村为例,运用观察法与访谈法,探索由旅游发展所推动的旅游社区空间再生产的现象与特征.基于列斐伏尔的“空间三元论”与德塞图的“日常生活实践”理论,讨论在空间再生产的过程中,居民如何通过日常生活,对抗政府与景区管理主体构想的空间表征,体现具有反抗性的表征空间.研究发现,在日常生活中,反抗性的表征空间表现出嵌入、抵制、进攻性抵制、反噬、再生等形式.现阶段,低度开发水平下居民与政府及景区管理主体的对抗达到一种微妙的平衡状态.长期看来景区组织与居民角色的特性,以及对土地的掌控保障了反抗潜力的延续.而旅游社区的空间秩序最终将在所有旅游利益相关者的协商中形成.旅游发展中居民扮演的角色影响其协商能力,造成不同的行动机制与意义.旅游社区空间活力最终在多主体、多目标的空间生产过程中激发,这一过程始终展现出日常生活的创造力.

关键词: 空间再生产, 旅游社区, 社会空间, 表征空间, 日常生活实践

Abstract: Through a micro-level analysis, the paper investigates the power of residents and their daily life during the process of community evolution in tourism destinations, which are overlooked in the previous studies. The paper draws on comprehensive observation and indepth interviews in exploring the phenomenon and characteristics of the space reproduction of tourism community driven by tourism development. The case of Maxianglong Village is presented as an example, which is located in the core area of the world cultural heritage "Kaiping Diaolou and Villages" in South China. Based on both Lefebvre's theory of "spatial triad" and De Certeau's theory of "practice of everyday life", this paper focuses on the resistance process of the residents against the representation of space which is proposed by both the local government and the tourist area management agents. Residents in Maxianglong Village embody this process through their everyday life. Results show that the space of representation displays in different forms including insertion, resistance, aggressive resistance, reverse invasion and revitalization during residents' daily life. In the current stage of the presented case, a delicate balance is achieved in the confrontation of the residence against the government and the management agents under low-level tourism development. However, the potential of resistance exists due to the characteristics of residents' role, management organizations and land ownership through a long-term perspective. Spatial orders of tourism community are determined by the negotiation among all tourist stakeholders. Negotiation ability, which is affected by the role of the residents, results in different mechanisms and meanings. Vitality of tourism community is evoked by multiple agents and multiple targets during the space reproduction process, which demonstrates the creativity of everyday life.

Key words: tourism community, social space, representation of space, practice of everyday life, reproduction of space

孙九霞, 周一. 日常生活视野中的旅游社区空间再生产研究——基于列斐伏尔与德塞图的理论视角[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(10): 1575-1589.

SUN Jiuxia, ZHOU Yi. Study on the reproduction of space of tourism community from the perspective of everyday life: Based on theories of Lefebvre and De Certeau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(10): 1575-1589.

参考文献

[1] Xie Na. Space production and cultural representation [D]. Shenyang: Liaoning University, 2008. [谢纳. 空间生产与文化表征[D]. 沈阳: 辽宁大学, 2008.]
[2] Lefebvre H. The Production of Space. Oxford UK &Cambridge USA: Blackwell, 1991.
[3] Lefebvre H. The everyday and everydayness. Yale French Studies, 1987, 73: 11.
[4] Lefebvre H. The Production of Space. Oxford UK &Cambridge USA: Blackwell, 1991: 38-40.
[5] Lefebvre H. Trans by John Moore. Critique of Everyday Life (Vol. 1). London: Verso, 1991.
[6] Zheng Zhen. The sociological significance of Lefebvre's Critique of everyday life: Toward a sociology of 1everydaylife. Sociological Studies, 2011, (3): 191-246. [郑震. 列斐伏尔日常生活批判理论的社会学意义: 1 迈向一种日常生活的社会学. 社会学研究, 2011, (3): 191-246.]
[7] Foucault M. Phiolsophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977- 1984. Paul Rabinow. New Your: Routledge,1988: 123.
[8] Certeau de M. The Practice of Everyday Life. Fang Linlin trans. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2009. [米歇尔·德塞都. 日常生活实践. 方琳琳译. 南京: 南京大学出版社, 2009.]
[9] Yu Peihong. Michel De Certeau's everyday life aesthetics and its contemporary cultural significance [D]. Guilin:Guangxi Normal University, 2008. [余沛鸿. 德塞都的日常生活美学及其当代文化意义[D]. 桂林: 广西师范大学,2008.]
[10] Lian Yuchun. Open the possibility: Michel de Certeau's Theory of the Practice of Everyday Life. Journal of ZhejiangUniversity, 2003, (6): 145-147. [练玉春. 开启可能性: 米歇尔·德塞都的日常生活实践理论. 浙江大学学报, 2003,(6): 145-147.]
[11] Scott C J. Weapons of the Weak. Zhen Guanghuai, Zhang Min, He Jiangsui trans. Nanjing: Jiangshu People's Press,2007. 2-3. [詹姆斯·C·斯科特. 弱者的武器. 郑广怀, 张敏, 何江穗译. 南京: 江苏人民出版社, 2007: 2-3.]
[12] Li Tuo. The theory of everyday life in the French content [D]. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University,2009. [李拓. 法国语境下的日常生活理论[D]. 北京: 北京语言大学, 2009.]
[13] Wu Fei. "Spatial Practice" and poetic resistance: On Michel de Certeau's theory of the practice of everyday life.Sociological Studies, 2009, (2): 177-199. [吴飞. “空间实践”与诗意的抵抗: 解读米歇尔·德塞图的日常生活实践理论. 社会学研究, 2009, (2): 177-199.]
[14] Graham W. The Certeau Reader. Oxford UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2000: 105.
[15] Certeau de Michel. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984: xii.
[16] Certeau de M. Making do: Use and tactics//Luo Gang, Wang Zhongchen. Consumer Culture. Beijing: China SocialSciences Press, 2009: 106-107. [米歇尔·德赛都. 权宜之计: 使用和战术//罗钢, 王中忱. 消费文化读本. 北京: 中国社会科学出版社, 2009: 106-107.]
[17] Brenner N. State territorial restructuring and the production of spatial scale. Political Geography, 1997, 16(4): 273-306.
[18] Elmhirst R. Space, identity politics and resource control in Indonesia's transmigration programme. Political Geography,1999, (18): 813-835.
[19] Leary M E. A Lefebvrian analysis of the production of glorious, Gruesome public space in Manchester. Progress inPlanning, 2013, 85: 1-52.
[20] Jabareen J. 'The right to the city' revisited: Assessing urban rights: The case of Arab cities in Israel. HabitatInternational, 2014, 41: 135-141.
[21] Buzinde C N, Navarrete D M. The social production of space in tourism enclaves: Mayan children's perceptions oftourism boundaries. Annals of Tourism Research, 2013, 43: 482-505.
[22] Gatrell J D, Kreiner N C. Negotiated space: Tourists, pilgrims, and the Baháí terraced gardens in Haifa. Geoforum,2006, 37: 765-778.
[23] Teo P, Leong S. A postcolonial analysis of backpacking. Annals of Tourism Research, 2006, 33(1): 109-131.
[24] Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. A review of researches on the production of space. Human Geography, 2011, 26(2): 13-30. [王丰龙, 刘云刚. 空间的生产研究综述与展望. 人文地理, 2011, 26(2): 13-30. ]
[25] Li Shuli. Urban suburb spacial production and practice logic [D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2011. [李树礼. 城郊地区的空间生产及其实践逻辑[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2011.]
[26] Ma Xueguang. Study on the social production of villages in city and their governance mechanics: A case of HaizhuDistrict of Guangzhou City. Urban Studies, 2010, (2): 35-41. [马学广. 城中村空间的社会生产与治理机制研究. 城市发展研究, 2010, (2): 35-41.]
[27] Song Weixuan, Zhu Xigang, Wu Qiyan. The efficiency and equity of space production in urban waterfront: A casestudy in Nanjing. Urban Planning International, 2009, (6): 66-71. [宋伟轩, 朱喜钢, 吴启焰. 城市滨水空间生产的效益与公平: 以南京为例. 国际城市规划, 2009, (6): 66-71.]
[28] Sun Bindong, Wu Yafei. Progress and prospect of residential spatial differention of Chinese cities. City PlanningReview, 2009, (6): 77-78. [孙斌栋, 吴雅菲. 中国城市居住空间分异研究的进展与展望. 城市规划, 2009, (6): 77-78.]
[29] Fu Xiaoxing, Wu Zhen. The urban spatial distribution and cultural production of gay groups: A case study ofShenyang. Journal of Engineering Studies, 2010, 2(1): 38-52. [富晓星, 吴振. 男同性恋群体的城市空间分布及文化生产: 以沈阳为例. 工程研究, 2010, 2(1): 38-52.]
[30] Zhu Jiangang. The production of migrant workers' social space: A case study of workers cultural service department inPanyu//Zhang Shuguang. Case Studies of System Change in China. Beijing: China Financial and Economic PublishingHouse, 2008: 209-235. [朱健刚. 打工者社会空间的生产: 番禺打工者文化服务部的个案研究//张曙光. 中国制度变迁的案例研究: 第六辑. 北京: 中国财政经济出版社, 2008: 209-235.]
[31] Ahearne J. Michel de Certeau: Interpretation and Its Other. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005: 15-23.
[32] Ben Highmore. Michel de Certeau: Analysing Culture, Substance. Vol.37. London New York: Continuum InternationalPublishing Group, 2006.
[33] Ian Buchanan. Michel de Certeau: Cuhural Theorist. London: Thousand Oaks New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2000.
[34] Ward G. The Certeau Reader. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2000.
[35] Reynolds B, Fitzpatrick J. The transversality of Michel de Certeau: Foucault's panoptic discourse and the cartographicimpulse. Diacritics, 29(3): 63-80.
[36] Weymans W. Michel de Certeau and the limits of historical representation. History and Theory, 2004, 43: 161-178.
[37] Giles G. The concept of practice, enlightenment rationality and education: A speculative reading of Michel deCerteau's Writing of History. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2002: 1-14.
[38] Hjorth D. Organizational entrepreneurship: With de Certeau on creating heterotopias (or spaces for play). Journal ofManagement Inguiry, 2005, 14(4): 386-398.
[40] Thrift N. Driving in the city. Theory, Culture & Society, 2004, 21(4/5): 41-59.
[41] Jin Yupin. Television use in the practice of everyday life: Uigur audience research in Tutey [D]. Shanghai: FudanUniversity University, 2008. [金玉萍.日常生活实践中的电视使用: 托台村维吾尔族受众研究[D]. 上海: 复旦大学,2010.]
[42] Wu Xufeng. A Journey to World Cultural and Natural Heritage: Kaiping Diaolou and Villages. Guangzhou:Guangdong Tourism Press, 2007. [武旭峰. 世界自然文化遗产之旅: 开平碉楼与村落. 广州: 广东旅游出版社, 2007.]
[43] Tian Yipeng, Zhang Jinrong. Marx's Theory of Social Space and its modern value. Social Science Research, 2007, (2):14-19. [田毅鹏, 张金荣. 马克思社会空间理论及其当代价值. 社会科学研究, 2007, (2): 14-19.]
[44] Fan Wenyi. Aesthetic appreciation for tourism- oriented landscape small town with a space perspective: A case ofXingping Town in Li River Area. Journal of Beijing International Studies University, 2010, (9): 66-71. [范文艺. 空间视角的山水旅游小城镇审美解读: 以漓江流域兴坪镇为例. 北京第二外国语学院学报, 2010, (9): 66-71.]
[45] Jing Zhizheng. Binding of consciousness in power running mechanism: An interpretation of disciplinary power offoucault. Journal of Yanan University, 2010, 34(1): 36-38. [景志铮. 权力运作机制中的意识约束力: 福柯规训性权力的一种解读. 延安大学学报, 2010, 34(1): 36-38.]
[46] Lefebvre H. Rhythmanalysis. London and New York: Continuum, 2004: 6.
[47] Lian Yuchun. Escape but do not leave: Michele de Certeau's Resistance Theory. Hebei Academic Journal, 2004, (2):80-84. [练玉春. 论米歇尔·德塞都的抵制理论: 避让但不逃离. 河北学刊, 2004, (2): 80-84.]
[48] Wang Yongqing, Lu Lin. Residents' construct space strategy of destination. Resource Development & Market, 2008, 24(11): 1038-1041. [汪永青, 陆林. 旅游地居民的再创空间. 资源开发与市场, 2008, 24(11): 1038-1041.]