地理学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (2): 230-238.doi: 10.11821/xb201202009
张捷, 卢韶婧, 蒋志杰, 李倩, 梁莉, 李娜, 黄正明
收稿日期:
2011-06-15
修回日期:
2011-11-08
出版日期:
2012-02-20
发布日期:
2012-02-20
基金资助:
ZHANG Jie, LU Shaojing, JIANG Zhijie, LI Qian, LIANG Li, LI Na, HUANG Zhengming
Received:
2011-06-15
Revised:
2011-11-08
Online:
2012-02-20
Published:
2012-02-20
Supported by:
摘要: 书法景观是一种代表中国特色文化符号的文化景观,景观知觉维度研究是了解这种景观基本特征的手段。本文将尝试开放问卷对书法知觉场所地方记忆报告结果进行编码,并构建专门计算公式进行权重计算,结果表明书法景观主要知觉维度可归为6 类:知觉时间、地理环境、书法特性、书法载体形式、价值和个体心理,并揭示了热点景点书法景观的知觉维度特征。眼动仪分析结果表明旅游景点的书法景观作为地域标志和景观标志,在公众知觉过程中占有重要地位。相对园林、湖泊和海滨景点内的书法景观,公众更多知觉到了山岳和宫殿庙宇内的书法景观。利用知觉频数描述了不同类型书法景观的地理场所公众知觉特征,根据书法景观知觉频率可将这些场所划分为景点、与人们生活息息相关的场所、新闻媒体和广场三个层次。本文的研究实际上也为中国特色文化景观的实证研究提供了一个有效的方法。
张捷, 卢韶婧, 蒋志杰, 李倩, 梁莉, 李娜, 黄正明. 中国书法景观的公众地理知觉特征——书法景观知觉维度调查[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(2): 230-238.
ZHANG Jie, LU Shaojing, JIANG Zhijie, LI Qian, LIANG Li, LI Na, HUANG Zhengming. The Dimensions and Characteristics of the Perception of Chinese Calligraphic Landscape[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(2): 230-238.
[1] Backhaus G, Murungi J. Symbolic Landscapes. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008: 25. [2] Cosgrove D E. Social formation and symbolic landscape. Canadian Geographer, 1985, 29(4): 370-378. [3] Rubin B. Aesthetic ideology and urban design. Annals of the Association of American Geographer, 1979, 69(3):339-361. [4] Wu Bihu, Liu Xiaojuan. General Annals of Chinese Cultural·Books of Art and Literature (8-080)·Records ofLandscape. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1998: 366-384. [吴必虎, 刘筱娟. 中华文化通志·艺文典(8-080). 景观志. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 1998: 366-384]. [5] Wu Huiping. Spatial study on calligraphy geography. Human Geography, 2001, 16(2): 93-96. [吴慧平. 论书法地理的地域空间研究. 人文地理, 2001, 16(2): 93-96.] [6] Feng Jian, Hu Mu. Primary study on writing cultural region. Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, 1999, 11(2):89-95. [冯健,胡牧. 书法文化的区域初步研究. 云南地理环境研究, 1999, 11(2): 89-95.] [7] Zhou Shangyi, Kong Xiang, Zhu Hong. Cultural Geography. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2004: 87-89. [周尚意, 孔翔, 朱竑. 文化地理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2004: 87-89.] [8] Feng Jian, Zhang Xiaolin. Zoning of world calligraphic culture with respect to human geography. World GeographyStudy, 1999, (1): 2. [冯健,张小林.人文区划方法及世界书法文化区的划分. 世界地理研究, 1999, (1): 2.] [9] Zhang Jie ,Wang Xiaolun, Huang Zhengming. Types and function of description of natural image in classics of Chinesecalligraphy. Journals of Chinese Calligraphy, 2004, (2): 26-29. [张捷, 王小伦, 黄正明. 古典书论中自然意象描述的类型及其功能.中国书法, 2004, (2): 26-29.] [10] Dong Minghui, Wu Huiping. Geographical environment and ancient Chinese calligraphy. Human Geography, 1997, 13(2): 58-61. [董明辉, 吴慧平. 试论古代中国书法与地理环境. 人文地理, 1997, 13(2): 58-61.] [11] Cao Shitu, Li Zhuowen. The geographical trace of Chinese calligraphy. Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic andElectrical Engineering: Social Sciences, 1999, 19(3): 67-68. [曹诗图, 李卓文. 中国书法艺术中的地理印痕. 武汉水利电力大学学报: 社科版, 1999, 19(3): 67-68.] [12] Zhang J, Zhang J H, Xu Z X et al. Place aesthetics of calligraphic landscape in tourist vernacular township//Gottesdiener H, Vilatte J C. Culture and Communication: Proceedings of XIX International Congress of InternationalAssociation for Empirical Aesthetics. France: University of Avignon, 2006: 919-922. [13] Zhang Jie. Geographical research on Chinese calligraphy with special reference to man and land relationship. HumanGeography, 2003, 18(5): 1-6. [张捷. 基于人地关系的书法地理学研究. 人文地理, 2003, 18(5): 1-6. ] [14] Zhang Jie, Zhang Jing. Calligraphy landscape and city landscape. City and County Construction, 2004, (3): 42-43. [张捷, 张静. 书法景观与城市景观. 城乡建设, 2004, (3): 42-43.] [15] Zhang J, Tang W, Shi C, et al. Chinese calligraphy and tourism: From cultural heritage to landscape symbol and media of the tourism industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 2008, 11(6): 529-548. [16] Zhang J, Li X S, Huang Z M. An empirical approach to the relationships among aesthetic dimensions on Chinesecalligraphy: with case stone inscriptions of Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)//Gottesdiener H, Vilatte J C. Culture andCommunication: Proceedings of XIX International Congress of International Association for Empirical Aesthetics.France: University of Avignon, 2006: 700-703. [17] Ke Li, Zhang Jie, Li Qian. Analysis on the factors effecting tourists' perceptual image to calligraphic landscapescenic: A case study in Diecaishan, Guilin. Carsologica Sinica, 2010, 29(1): 87-92. [柯立, 张捷, 李倩. 书法景观旅游地游客感知意象影响因素分析: 以桂林叠彩山景区为例.中国岩溶, 2010, 29(1): 87-92.] [18] Mao Duanqian, Zhang Jie, Bao Haosheng et al. Case study on the images of tourist destinations of Jiangxi: Usingcorrespondence analysis. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2003, 12(1): 23-28. [毛端谦, 张捷, 包浩生等. 旅游目的地映象的对应分析: 以江西庐山、龙虎山、三清山、井冈山为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 2003, 12(1): 23-28.] [19] Cutter S L, Golledge R, Graf W L. The big questions in geography. The Professional Geographers, 2002, 54(3):305-317. [20] Gould P R, White P R. The mental maps of British school leavers. Regional Studies, 1968, 2(2): 161-182. [21] Lynch K. The Image of The City. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1960. [22] Zube E H. Landscape Assessment: Values, Perceptions and Resources. Sydney: Halstead Press, John Wiley & SonsInc., 1975. [23] Craik K H. Psychological reflection on landscape//Penning-Rowsell E C, Lowenthal D. Landscape Meanings andValues. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986: 48-64 [24] Uzzell D L. Environmental phychological perspectives on landscape. Landscape Research, 1991, 16(1): 3. [25] Palmer J F. Stability of landscape perceptions in the face of landscape change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1997,37(1): 109-113. [26] Fairweather J R, Swaffield S R. Visitor experiences of Kaikoura, New Zealand: An interpretative study usingphotographs of landscapes and Q method. Tourism Management, 2001, 22(3): 219-228. [27] Lapka M, Cudlinova E. Perception of landscapes: Possible integrating tool for landscape research. Ekologia Bratislava,2004, 23(1): 170-178. [28] Soliva R, Hunziker M. How do biodiversity and conservation values relate to landscape preferences? A case studyfrom the Swiss Alps. Biodiversity Conservation, 2009, 18(9): 2483-2507. [29] Zube E H, Sell J L, Taylor J G. Landscape perception: Research, application and theory. Landscape Planning, 1982, 9(1): 1-33. [30] Gibson J J. The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966. [31] Mao Jiongwei, Zhu Feijie, Che Shengquan. Study on landscape assessment of urban remnant natural area: Theory andapplication of psychophysical method. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010, (3): 51-54. [毛炯玮, 朱飞捷, 车生泉. 城市自然遗留地景观美学评价的方法研究. 中国园林, 2010, (3): 51-54.] [32] Berylne D E. Conflict, Arousal and Curiosity. New York: McGrawHil1, 1960. [33] Kaplan S. An informal model for the prediction of preference//Zube E H, Bush R O, Fabos J G. LandscapeAssessment: Values, Perceptions and Resources. Dowden, Stroudsburg: Hutchinson and Ross, 1975. [34] Kaplan R. A methodology for simultaneously obtaining and sharing information//Assessing Amenity Resource Values.USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-68, 1979: 58-66. [35] Zhang Jie. Quantitative evaluation of tourist resources of regional folklore. Human Geography, 1998, 13(1): 59-62. [张捷. 区域民俗文化旅游资源的定量评价研究. 人文地理, 1998, 13(1): 59-62.] [36] Xu Nanrong, Zhong Weijun. Theories and Methods to Scientific Decision. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 1996:139-140. [徐南荣, 钟伟俊. 科学决策理论与方法. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 1996: 139-140.] [37] Zhang Jie. On establishment of an objective model of calligraphy critique. Journal of Southeast University: Philosophyand Social Science, 2004, 6(6): 78-82. [张捷. 书法客观批评模式的构建. 东南大学学报, 2004, 6(6): 78-82.] [38] Wu Huiping, Situ Shangji. The interpretation of calligraphy landscape in cultural geography. Scientia GeographicaSinica, 2002, 22(6): 757-762. [吴慧平, 司徒尚纪. 书法景观的文化地理浅释. 地理科学, 2002, 22(6): 757-762.] [39] Downs R Stea D. Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Chicago: Aldine, 1973: 9. [40] Altman I, Chemers M M. Culture and environment. Beijing: Oriental Press, 1991: 79. [欧·奥尔特曼, 马·切墨斯. 骆林生, 王静译. 文化与环境. 北京: 东方出版社, 1991: 79.] [41] Linton D L. The assessment of scenery as a natural resource. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 1968, 84(3): 218-238. [42] Fines K D. Landscape evaluation: A research project in East Sussex. Regional Studies, 1968, 2(1): 41-55. [43] Yu Kongjian, Ji Qingping. Aesthetic differences between experts and the public and countermeasure research. Journalof Chinese Landscape Architecture, 1990, 6(2): 19-23. [俞孔坚, 吉庆萍. 专家与公众景观审美差异研究及对策. 中国园林, 1990, 6(2): 19-23.] [44] Gould P, White R. Mental Maps. London: Penguin, 1974 [45] Smith K L. Exploring the need for a shared cognitive map. Journal of Management Studies, 1992, 29(3): 349-368. [46] Brookfield H C. On the environment and perceived. Progress in Geography, 1969, 1: 51-80. [47] Lue C, Crompton J, Fesenmaier D. Conceptualization of multi-destination pleasure trips. Annals of Tourism Research,1993, 20(2): 289-301. [48] Zhang Jie. Story of calligraphy, local context and space production of calligraphy: evidence from calligraphic contextand city calligraphic landscape of Nanjing and Beijing//Tao Dongfeng, Zhou Xian. Culture Studies Vol.10. Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press, 2010: 245-260. [张捷. 书法故事、地方文脉与书法的空间生产: 南京、北京书法文脉与城市书法景观的案例//陶东风, 周宪. 文化研究(第10 辑). 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2010: 245-260.] [49] Zhang J, Tang W, Shi C et al. Chinese calligraphy and tourism: from cultural heritage to landscape symbol and mediaof the tourism industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 2008, 11(6): 529-548. |
[1] | 古恒宇, 沈体雁. 中国高学历人才的空间演化特征及驱动因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 326-340. |
[2] | 朱晟君, 金文纨. 地方出口产品结构及制度环境与企业出口相关多样化[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 398-414. |
[3] | 李钢, 薛淑艳, 马雪瑶, 周俊俊, 徐婷婷, 王皎贝. 中国失踪人口的时空格局演变与形成机制[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 310-325. |
[4] | 葛全胜, 朱会义. 两千年来中国自然与人文地理环境变迁及启示[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 3-14. |
[5] | 张兴航, 张百平, 王晶, 余付勤, 赵超, 姚永慧. 中国南北过渡带东段样带植被序列与气候分界问题[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 30-43. |
[6] | 李哲, 丁永建, 陈艾姣, 张智华, 张世强. 1960—2019年西北地区气候变化中的Hiatus现象及特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1845-1859. |
[7] | 郭泽呈, 魏伟, 石培基, 周亮, 王旭峰, 李振亚, 庞素菲, 颉斌斌. 中国西北干旱区土地沙漠化敏感性时空格局[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1948-1965. |
[8] | 敖荣军, 常亮. 基于结构方程模型的中国县域人口老龄化影响机制[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1572-1584. |
[9] | 宋周莺, 祝巧玲. 中国边境地区的城镇化格局及其驱动力[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1603-1616. |
[10] | 马春玥, 买买提·沙吾提, 姚杰, 古丽努尔·依沙克. 1950—2015年中国棉花生产时空动态变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1699-1710. |
[11] | 郑景云, 张学珍, 刘洋, 郝志新. 过去千年中国不同区域干湿的多尺度变化特征评估[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1432-1450. |
[12] | 陶泽兴, 葛全胜, 王焕炯. 1963—2018年中国垂柳和榆树开花始期积温需求的时空变化[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1451-1464. |
[13] | 瞿诗进, 胡守庚, 李全峰. 中国城市建设用地转型阶段及其空间格局[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1539-1553. |
[14] | 葛全胜, 方创琳, 江东. 美丽中国建设的地理学使命与人地系统耦合路径[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1109-1119. |
[15] | 魏素豪, 李晶, 李泽怡, 宗刚. 中国农业竞争力时空格局演化及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1287-1300. |