“点—轴系统”的空间分析方法研究——以长江三角洲为例

doi:10.11821/xb201012009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “点—轴系统”理论提出以来，在理论拓展和实践应用中取得了丰硕的成果，随着地理信息系统技术发展和空间分析技术的广泛与深入的应用，“点—轴系统”理论的进一步深化研究有赖于区域空间分析方法和技术的创新。鉴于此，本文以陆大道先生的“点—轴系统”理论为基础，构建“点—轴渐进式”扩散模型，分别按照指数扩散方式和线性扩散方式构建了基于交通路网的时间距离衰减扩散模型，选择加权平均旅行时间作为“点—轴系统”空间可达性的评价指标。设计了最小种子算法用来计算区域内所有点以最短时间到达任意一个节点所花费的时间和所经过的路径。基于GIS 平台开发“点—轴”空间结构分析信息系统(“Pole-Axis”SAIS)。运用该方法，对“点—轴系统”的一般形成过程模式进行空间分析，以长江三角洲为实证区域，探讨其“点—轴系统”的演化过程与发展态势。

关键词: 点—轴系统, 空间分析方法, 时间距离衰减扩散模型, 加权平均旅行时间模型, GIS, 长江三角洲

Abstract: Since the theory of "Pole & Axis System" was proposed, great achievements have been made in its theoretical expansion and practical application. With the development of GIS and the wide application of spatial analysis techniques, further research of the theory of "Pole & Axis System" depends on innovation of regional spatial analysis methods and techniques. Based on the "Pole & Axis System" theory proposed by Professor Lu Dadao, a spatial analysis method of "Pole & Axis System" was introduced. The method combines point elements, including town node, traffic node (port, airport, railway station, highway intersection) with linear elements (waterway, railway, highway, land way) of regional spatial structure in various ways and analyzes the spatial accessibility and the spatial diffusion. It takes linear elements as diffusion route to analyze gradual diffusion of point elements and calculate spatial accessibility of "Pole & Axis System". "Pole & Axis Gradual Diffusion Model" is constructed as time-distance attenuation diffusion model according to exponential and linear diffusion pattern. Also the model selects "Weighted Average Travel Time" as evaluation indicator of spatial accessibility and adopts the minimal seed algorithm to calculate minimal travel time and shortest path from one cell to others in the region. Based on GIS, "Pole & Axis" spatial analysis information system is developed, in which several common formations of "Pole & Axis System" are simulated. Also spatial pattern and evolution of node diffusion and accessibility are analyzed. A case taking Yangtze River Delta as a test region is presented. It chooses 16 cities as point elements and uses land traffic network of 1985, 1995, 2006 and 2020 as axis elements. The case studies axial gradual spatial diffusion of city nodes based on land traffic network of different periods and generates diffusion maps of score and accessibility of every city node for different periods. The results show the following aspects: Firstly, diffusion scores and regional accessibility values of city nodes are increasing every year. Secondly, spatial diffusion is evolving from multiple cores into a single one and the diffusion axis is apparent. Thirdly, the Yangtze River Delta region is integrated gradually, but the disequilibrium between regions is enlarged. Finally, the "Z"-shaped high-speed traffic corridor of Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo is formed.

Key words: "Pole &, Axis System", spatial analysis method, time-distance attenuating diffusion model, weighted average travel time model, Geographical Information System, Yangtze River Delta

张莉, 陆玉麒. “点—轴系统”的空间分析方法研究——以长江三角洲为例[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(12): 1534-1547.

ZHANG Li, LU Yuqi. Studies on Spatial Analysis Method of the "Pole & Axis System": A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(12): 1534-1547.

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