我国生物地理学研究进展

doi:10.11821/xb200909002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物地理学研究是生物学和地理学交叉非常明显的部门自然地理学学科，它具有很强的基础研究特点，同时研究成果也具有很大的应用潜力。近年来，我国生物地理学基础研究在国家自然科学基金委等部门的支持下，在山地植被与地理环境、干旱半干旱区植被与地理环境、植物区系、植物物候、土壤动物与土壤生态功能、土壤生物结皮等方面开展了全面而深入的研究。同时拓展了传统生物地理学的研究方向，在植物地理学与全球变化、植物地理学与生物多样性保护、植物地理学与生态系统管理等方面也开展了大量研究。尤为可贵的是干旱半干旱区土壤生物结皮研究、典型温带荒漠区原生荒漠植被对水分改变的响应与适应研究取得了令国内外关注的高水平研究成果。

关键词: 生物地理学, 植物地理学, 动物地理学, 生物土壤结皮, 荒漠灌木, 国家自然科学基

Abstract:

The fundamental research of biogeography in China is mainly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in which the Department of Earth Sciences plays a dominant part. In the past few years, the objectives of plant geography study are mainly focused on alpine vegetation as well as arid and semi-arid land vegetation. The relationships between biodiversity, vegetation, alpine timberline and the effect of mountains are the main topics of alpine vegetation study. More and more field work and comparative studies have been conducted on various mountain types and regions. The limitation of water and salt to plants and the adaptation of the physiological and ecological function of these plants to the habitats are the main topics of plant geography study in arid and semi-arid areas. These studies show concerns for a wide range of fields, including plants, populations, biological communities and ecosystems. There are some advances in the studies of biological soil crust as well as of the ecophysiological response and morphological adjustment of desert shrubs with the variation of summer precipitation. However, zoogeography has not been extensively studied as plant geography has in the geographical community of China. In this field much emphasis is placed on soil animals and soil ecological function. Although biogeography study has made much progress in recent years, some curious problems should be solved to promote its development in the future. These problems are as follows. The number of professional researchers of biogeography is too small; potential researchers of biogeography with the background of geography are unlikely to get systematic trainings of biological sciences; the development is not balanced between the sub-branches of biogeography.

Key words: biogeography, plant geography, zoogeography, biological soil crust, desert shrubs, National Natural Science Foundation of Chin

冷疏影,李新荣,李彦,许皓,康慕谊,江源,殷秀琴,陶岩,辛未冬. 我国生物地理学研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(9): 1039-1047.

LENG Shu-ying,LI Xin-rong,LI Yan,XU Hao,KANG Mu-yi,JIANG Yuan,YIN Xiu-qiu,TAO Yan,XIN Wei-dong. Recent Progress in Biogeography in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(9): 1039-1047.

参考文献

[1] West N E. Structure and function of microphytic soil crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid to semi-arid regions. Advances in Ecological Research, 1990, 20: 179-223.

[2] Eldridge D J, Greene R S B. Microbiotic soil crusts: A view of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1994, 32: 389-415.

[3] Belnap J, Lange O L. Biological Soil Crusts: Structure, Function, and Management. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2001.

[4] Li X R, Zhou H Y, Wang X P et al. The effects of sand stabilization and revegetation on cryptogam species diversity and soil fertility in Tengger Desert, northern China. Plant and Soil, 2003, 251: 237-245.

[5] Budel B. Ecology and diversity of rock-inhabiting cyanobacteria in tropical regions. European Journal of Phycology, 2000, 34: 361-370.

[6] Patrick E. Researching crusting soils: themes, trends, recent developments and implications for managing soil and water resources in dry areas. Progress in Physical Geography, 2002, 26: 442-461.

[7] Bowker M A. Biological soil crust rehabilitation in theory and practice: An underexploited opportunity. Restoration Ecology, 2007, 15: 13-23.

[8] Vies H. Understanding dryland landscape dynamics: Do biological crusts hold the key? Geography Compass, 2008, (2/3): 899-919.

[9] Li X R, Chen Y W, Yang L W. Cryptogam diversity and formation of soil crusts in temperate desert. Annals of Arid Zone, 2004, 43: 335-353.

[10] Li X R, Wang X P, Li T et al. Microbiotic soil crust and its effect on vegetation and habitat on artificially stabilized desert dunes in Tengger Desert, North China. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2002, 35: 147-154.

[11] Chen R Y, Zhang Y M, Li Y et al. The variation of morphological features and mineralogical components of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert of northwestern China. Environmental Geology, 2008, doi: 10.1007/s00254-008-1410-1.

[12] Li X R, Xiao H L, He M Z. Sand barriers of straw checkerboards for habitant restoration in extremely arid desert regions. Ecological Engineering, 2006, 28: 149-157.

[13] Wang X P, Li X R, Xiao H L. Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration pattern in an arid shrub desert. Hydrological Processes, 2007, 21: 72-79.

[14] Li X R, Kong D S, Tan H J et al. Changes in soil and in vegetation following stabilisation of dune in southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert, China. Plant and Soil, 2007, 300: 221-231.

[15] Li X R, Xiao H L, Zhang J G et al. Long-term ecosystem effects of sand-binding vegetation in the Tengger Desert, northern China.Restoration Ecology, 2004, 12: 376-390.

[16] Li X R, Jia X H, Zerb Stefen, Effects of biological soil crusts on seed bank, germination and establishment of two annual plant species in the Tengger Desert (N China). Plant and Soil, 2005, 277: 375-385.

[17] Su Y G, Li X R, Cheng Y W. Effects of biological soil crusts on emergence of desert vascular plants in North China. Plant Ecology, 2007, 191: 11-19.

[18] Li X R, Chen Y W, Su Y G et al. Effects of biological soil crust on desert insect diversity: evidence from the Tengger Desert of northern China. Arid Land Research and Management, 2006, 20: 1-18.

[19] Li Xinrong, Chen Yingwu, Jia Rongliang. Biological soil crusts: A significant food source for insects in the arid desert ecosystems. Journal of Desert Research, 2008, 28(2): 245-248.
[李新荣, 陈应武, 贾荣亮. 生物土壤结皮: 荒漠昆虫食物链的重要构建者. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(2): 245-248.]

[20] Bowker M A. Wildfire-resistant biological soil crusts and fire-induced loss of soil stability in Palouse prairies, USA. Applied Soil Ecology, 2004, 26: 41-52.

[21] Bowker M A, Belnap J, Davidson D W et al. Evidence for micronutrient limitation of biological soil crusts: Importance to arid-land restoration. Ecological Applications, 2005, 15: 1941-1951.

[22] Ravi S, D'Odorico P, Zobeck T M et al. Feedbacks between fires and wind erosion in heterogeneous arid lands. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2007, doi: 10.1029/2007JG000474.

[23] Breckle S W, Yair A, Veste M. Aid dunes ecosystems: Ecological Studies 200. Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2008. 450-453.

[24] Xu Hao, Li Yan. Water use strategy of three central Asian desert shrubs and their responses to rain pulse events. Plant and Soil, 2006, 285: 5-17.

[25] Xu Hao, Li Yan, Xu Guiqing et al. Ecophysiological response and morphological adjustment of two Central Asian desert shrubs towards variation in summer precipitation. Plant, Cell and Environment, 2007, 30: 399-409.

[26] Wu Jihua, Zhang Kun, Jiang Yuan et al. Geobotany. 4th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2004.
[武吉华, 张坤, 江源等. 植物地理学. 4版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2004.]

[27] MacDonald Glen. Biogeography: Introduction to Space, Time and Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.

[28] Wu Zhengyi, Sun Hang, Zhou Zhekun et al. Origin and differentiation of endemism in the flora of China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2005, 27(6): 577-604.
[吴征镒, 孙航, 周浙昆等. 中国植物区系中的特有性及其起源与分化. 云南植物研究, 2005, 27(6): 577-604.]

[29] Su Peixi, Chen Huaishun, An Lizhe et al. Carbon assimilation characteristics of plants in oasis-desert ecotone and their response to CO2 enrichment. Science in China: Series D, 2004, 47(suppl.1): 39-49.

[30] Sun Hang, Li Zhimin. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift and its impact on Tethys flora. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2003, 18(6): 852-862.
[孙航, 李志敏. 古地中海植物区系在青藏高原隆起后的演变和发展. 地球科学进展, 2003, 18(6): 852-862.]

[31] Zheng Jingyun, Ge Quansheng, Zhao Huixia. Changes of plant phenological period and its response to climate change for the last 40 years in China. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2003, 24(1): 28-32.
[郑景云, 葛全胜, 赵会霞. 近40年中国植物物候对气候变化的响应研究. 中国农业气象, 2003, 24(1): 28-32.]

[32] Song Fuqiang, Zhang Yiping. Response of phenology to climate change//Duan Changqun. Advances in Ecological Sciences. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2005.
[宋福强, 张一平. 物候对气候变化响应的研究. 段昌群主编. 生态科学进展. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2005.]

[33] Dai Junhu, Bai Jie, Shao Liyang et al. A primary analysis of the flora on Liupan Mountains: Its nature and characteristics. Geographical Research, 2007, 26(1): 91-100.
[戴君虎, 白洁, 邵力阳等. 六盘山植物区系基本特征的初步分析. 地理研究, 2007, 26(1): 91-100.]

[34] Kang Muyi, Zhu Yuanqin. Discussion and analysis on the geo-ecological boundary in Qinling Range. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(7): 2774-2784.
[康慕谊, 朱源秦. 秦岭山地生态分界线的论证. 生态学报, 2007, 27(7): 2774-2784.]

[35] Fu S L, Zou X M, Coleman D. Highlights and perspectives of soil biology and ecology research in China. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008, Available online.

[36] Coleman D C. From peds to paradoxes: Linkages between soil biota and their influences on ecological processes. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008, 40: 271-289.

[37] Wu Jianguo (ed.) Lectures in Modern Ecology (III): Advances and Key Topics. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2007: 29-44.
[邬建国主编. 现代生态学讲座 (III): 学科进展与热点论题. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007: 29-44.]

[38] Liang W J, Zhong S, Hua J F et al. Nematode faunal response to grassland degradation in Horqin Sandy Land. Pedosphere, 2007, 17: 611-618.

[39] Gao Y H, Sun Z J, Sun X S et al. Toxic effects of albendazole on adenosine triphosphatase activity and ultrastructure in Eisenia fetida. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2007, 67: 378-384.

[40] Yin Xiuqin, Gu Wei, Dong Weihua et al. The community change and diversity of soil fauna after artificial vegetation restoration in highway slope. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(9): 4295-4305.
[殷秀琴, 顾卫, 董炜华等. 公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物群落变化及多样性. 生态学报, 2008, 28(9): 4295-4305.]

[41] Dong Weihua, Yin Xiuqin, Gu Wei et al. Characteristics of soil fauna community related to vegetation succession alongside roads. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(4): 678-685.
[董炜华, 殷秀琴, 顾卫等. 公路路域植被不同演替阶段土壤动物群落特征. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(4): 678-685.]

[42] Zhang Xueping, Zhang Shuhua, Li Jingke. Eco-geographical analysis of soil animals in burned forest areas in Greater Hinggan Mountains. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(2): 327-334.
[张雪萍, 张淑花, 李景科. 大兴安岭火烧迹地土壤动物生态地理分析. 地理研究, 2006, 25(2): 327-334.]

[43] Song Bo, Yin Xiuqin, Zhang Yu et al. Dynamics and relationship of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest. Chinese Geographical Science, 2008, 18(3): 284-290.

[44] Yin Xiuqin, Qiu Lili, Yang Lingbin et al. The relation and difference in nutritional elements in forest litter-macrofaunas-soil system. Geographical Research, 2006, 25(2): 320-326.
[殷秀琴, 邱丽丽, 杨令宾等. 森林凋落物—土壤动物—土壤系统中营养元素含量关系及分异. 地理研究, 2006, 25(2): 320-326.]

[45] Yin Xiuqin, Song Bo, Qiu Lili. Dynamic characteristics of N, P, K in the litter-soil fauna-soil system of mixed Pinus koraiensis forest. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(1): 128-134.
[殷秀琴, 宋博, 邱丽丽. 红松阔叶混交林凋落物—土壤动物—土壤系统中N、P、K的动态特征. 生态学报, 2007, 27(1): 128-134.]

[46] Wu Jihua, Song Ciyu, Chen Jiakuan. Effect of microbivorous nematodes on plant growth and soil nutrient cycling: A review. Biodiversity Science, 2007, 15(2): 124-133.
[吴纪华, 宋慈玉, 陈家宽. 食微线虫对植物生长及土壤养分循环的影响. 生物多样性, 2007, 15(2): 124-133.]

[47] Tang Benan, Tang Min, Chen Chunfu et al. Characteristics of soil fauna in the Dongjiao coco forest ecosystem in Hainan. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(1): 26-32.
[唐本安, 唐敏, 陈春福等. 海南东郊椰林生态系统土壤动物群落特征. 生态学报, 2006, 26(1): 26-32.]

[48] Yi Lan, You Wenhui. Community structure and seasonal change of soil animals in Castanopsis fargesii forest at Tiantong, Zhejiang Province. Journal of East China Normal University: Natural Science, 2006, (2): 112-120.
[易兰, 由文辉. 浙江天童栲树林土壤动物群落结构及其季节变化. 华东师范大学学报, 2006, (2): 112-120.]

[49] Wang Zhenzhong, Zhang Youmei, Li Zhongwu. Structural characteristics of fauna in forest red soils in the low mountaion and hilly region of middle Hunan. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2007, 44(6): 1097-1103.
[王振中, 张友梅, 李忠武. 湘中低山丘陵红壤森林生态系统土壤动物群落结构的特征. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(6): 1097-1103.]

[50] Zhang Xueping, Zhang Wu, Cao Huicong. Geo-ecology of soil fauna in different tundras in Da Xinganling Mountains. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2006, 43(6): 996-1003.
[张雪萍, 张武, 曹会聪. 大兴安岭不同冻土带土壤动物生态地理研究. 土壤学报, 2006, 43(6): 996-1003.]

[51] Zhang Xueping, Huang Lirong, Jiang Liqiu. Characteristics of macro-soil fauna in forest ecosystem of northern Da Hinggan Mountains. Geographical Research, 2008, 27(3): 509-518.
[张雪萍, 黄丽荣, 姜丽秋. 大兴安岭北部森林生态系统大型土壤动物群落特征. 地理研究, 2008, 27(3): 509-518.]