1960 年以来新疆地区蒸发皿蒸发与实际蒸发之间的关系

doi:10.11821/xb200811002

地理学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (11): 1131-1139.doi: 10.11821/xb200811002

1960 年以来新疆地区蒸发皿蒸发与实际蒸发之间的关系

刘波^1,2, 马柱国¹, 冯锦明¹, 魏荣庆³

1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候—环境重点实验室, 北京100029;
2. 中国气象局国家气候中心, 北京100081;
3. 新疆维吾尔自治区气象台, 乌鲁木齐830002

收稿日期:2008-04-15 修回日期:2008-08-29 出版日期:2008-11-25 发布日期:2008-11-25
作者简介:刘波(1980-), 男, 博士, 研究方向: 气候变化与陆面过程模拟。E-mail: liubo@tea.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-229);国家自然科学基金项目（40830956、40775055、 40828004）

The Relationship between Pan Evaporation and Actual Evapotranspiration in Xinjiang since 1960

LIU Bo^1,2, MA Zhuguo¹, FENG Jinming¹, WEi Rongqing³

1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, START TEA for East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China;
2. National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Environmental & Meteorological Center, Urumqi 830002, China

Received:2008-04-15 Revised:2008-08-29 Online:2008-11-25 Published:2008-11-25
Supported by:
Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No. KZCX3-SW-229;Project of National Natural Science Foundation,No.40830956, 40775055, 40828004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用中国新疆地区1960-2005 年109 个设有蒸发皿蒸发观测的常规气象站资料，并结合不同驱动场和不同陆面模式的模拟结果，对蒸发皿蒸发及模拟的实际蒸发的年、各个季节的变化及其它们的相互联系进行了详细的分析和讨论。结果发现，在过去的46 年里，年蒸发皿蒸发总体上都表现为明显的下降趋势，而实际蒸发在总体上显著上升，与蒸发皿蒸发的变化趋势相反。在80 年代中后期, 蒸发皿蒸发、实际蒸发和降水的转折点(1986 年) 一致，进一步说就是无论在转折点的前后，降水增加的转折性变化与模拟的实际蒸发的转折性增加变化一致，而与蒸发皿蒸发减小的转折性变化相反，这表明，在新疆地区，蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散之间具有相反的变化关系，这支持Brutsaert and Parlange 提出的蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散之间具有互补相关关系(变化趋势相反) 的理论。分析气温、降水、湿度、云量和日照时数等环境变量的变化趋势发现：降水、云量等表征大气中水分特征的变量表现为明显的上升趋势，这也间接的证明了蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸散之间存在相反的关系，而与各个环境变量之间相关系数的分析则表明，气温日较差、风速、低云量和降水是与蒸发皿蒸发和实际蒸发关系最紧密的环境因子，它们的变化可能是导致蒸发皿蒸发和蒸散量变化的原因。

关键词: 新疆, 蒸发皿蒸发, 实际蒸发, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Pan evaporation, an indictor of potential evaporation, has decreased during the last several decades in many parts of the world; the trend is contrary to the expectation that global warming will be accompanied by an increase in evapotranspiration, known as the pan evaporation paradox. What is the essential relation between pan evaporation and evapotranspiration? This is still an uncertain problem. In this paper, the trends of pan evaporation and evapotranspiration in Xinjiang from 1960 to 2005 are investigated using observational data and the observation-constrained simulations using of the NCAR Community Land Model (CLM). Our analysis suggests that decreasing trend of annual pan evaporation accompanies increasing trend of annual evapotranspiration, the tendency has statistical significance. We also find that there is the same turning point of 1986 for precipitation, pan evaporation and evapotranspiration, and either before the point or after the point, pan evaporation has the inverse trend with evapotranspiration and precipitation has the same trend with evapotranspiration. The above analyses indicate pan evaporation and evapotranspiration have complimentary relationship. These results support the solution of the evaporation paradox described by Brutsaert and Parlange (1998) and suggest that decreases in pan evaporation indicate an increase in terrestrial evaporation in Xinjiang. The correlation analyses show that diurnal temperature range (DTR), wind speed, low cloud cover and precipitation are most likely the driving force for the reduction of pan evaporation and the ascending evapotranspiration.q

Key words: Xinjiang, pan evaporation, evapotranspiration, numerical simulation

刘波,马柱国,冯锦明,魏荣庆. 1960 年以来新疆地区蒸发皿蒸发与实际蒸发之间的关系[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(11): 1131-1139.

LIU Bo, MA Zhuguo, FENG Jinming, WEi Rongqing. The Relationship between Pan Evaporation and Actual Evapotranspiration in Xinjiang since 1960[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(11): 1131-1139.

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1960 年以来新疆地区蒸发皿蒸发与实际蒸发之间的关系

The Relationship between Pan Evaporation and Actual Evapotranspiration in Xinjiang since 1960

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