地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 1149-1159.doi: 10.11821/xb200611004

• 研究综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

SRM融雪径流模型在长江源区冬克玛底河流域的应用

刘俊峰,杨建平,陈仁升,阳勇   

  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2006-04-15 修回日期:2006-09-19 出版日期:2006-11-25 发布日期:2006-11-25
  • 作者简介:刘俊峰 (1982-), 男, 硕士生, 宁夏中卫人, 主要从事寒区水文过程研究。E-mail: jfliu121@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目 (40301010; 40371026); 中国科学院重要方向性项目 (KZCX3-SW-345) 资助

The Simulation of Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Dongkemadi River Basin, Headwater of the Yangtze River

LIU Junfeng, YANG Jianping, CHEN Rensheng, YANG Yong   

  1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2006-04-15 Revised:2006-09-19 Online:2006-11-25 Published:2006-11-25
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40301010; No.40371026; Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-345

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被引次数

46

摘要：

冬克玛底河流域作为青藏高原腹地长江源区典型代表性高寒山区流域,有较大面积的冰川、积雪存在。本文以冬克玛底河流域2005年5~10月的实测水文、气象资料为基础,运用SRM融雪径流模型对不同分带数对融雪径流模拟效果的影响和不同测站气温分别作为气温驱动变量对融雪径流模拟效果的影响分别进行了模拟试验。结果表明：不同分带会对SRM模型融雪径流量模拟产生一定的影响；而不同的气温作为驱动变量对模拟的效果影响很大,这表明SRM模型对气温驱动变量非常敏感。同样根据流域内径流与气温降水的相关分析看到日径流量与气温相关性较好,线性相关系数最好达到0.72,而径流与降水线性相关系数为0.20。根据以上模拟实验和相关分析选择合适的分带和具有代表性的站点气温,SRM模型模拟的两个优度指标最好可达到Nash-Sutcliffe 系数 (R2) = 0.83和体积差 (Dv) = 0.95%。 考虑到SRM 模型对气温的敏感性,利用最终选择的模拟方案并结合气温升高1 oC气候情景假设来考虑气温、降水和径流之间的关系。模拟结果表明：气温升高1 oC后,(1) 模拟时期内的径流总量由原来模拟的25.5 × 106 m3增加到33 × 106 m3；(2) 冰川物质平衡线从原来的 5600上升到5750米,冰川消融区从5.8 km2增大到13.5 km2,冰川消融量增加,对径流量的贡献明显增大。(3) 气温的升高加速积雪融化并改变降水形态是径流在5~6月变大的主导因素。7~10月份的径流变大则主要是由于冰川消融。

关键词: SRM融雪径流模型, 融雪径流, 长江源区, 青海省, 冬克玛底河

Abstract:

As the representation of the typical river basin of headwater of the Yangtze River, Tibetan Plateau, Dongkemadi River Basin has glacier and snow accumulation. This paper uses the Snowmelt Runoff Model to simulate effects of different divisions of Dongkemadi River Basin to the hydrological process and simulate temperature at different stations as the driving factor to the effects of hydrological simulation, based on the hydrological data and meteorological data observed from May to October in 2005. According to the simulations, a final simulation scheme is selected as the final decision. The simulation result of different divisions of Dongkemadi River Basin shows its effect to the simulation. Simulation using different temperatures as driving factor shows that the SRM model is very sensitive to the effects of different temperatures. The correlation analysis shows that the correlation between runoff and air temperature is relatively good with best linear correlation coefficient reaching 0.72, but it can only reach 0.20 between runoff and precipitation. Based on the simulation and correlation analysis, the appropriate division and representative air temperature are selected to simulate the Dongkemadi River Basin's hydrological process. The coefficient of Nash Sutcliffe (R2) is 0.83 and the volume difference of streamflow is 0.95%. Considering the sensitivity of the SRM model to air temperature, we simulated the relationship among air temperature, precipitation and runoff when the temperature rises by 1oC. The simulation result shows that: (1) The total amount of streamflow in the simulation period changed from 25.5 × 106 m3 to 33 × 106 m3; (2) The glacial mass balance line ascended from 5600 m to 5750 m and the area of ablation in Dongkemadi enlarged from 5.8 km2 to 13.5 km2, so that the contribution of the streamflow from glacial ablation is much greater; (3) because of the rise of air temperature, the speedup of snowmelt and the change of precipitation state are the main reasons of the runoff increase from May to June. The rise of runoff from July to October is mainly caused by the melting of glacier.

Key words: snowmelt-runoff model snowmelt runoff, headwater of the Yangtze River, Dongkemadi River Basin, Qinghai Province