古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征

doi:10.11821/xb200501006

地理学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 53-60.doi: 10.11821/xb200501006

古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征

张元明¹, 陈晋², 王雪芹¹, 潘惠霞¹, 辜智慧², 潘伯荣¹

1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011;
2. 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害重点实验室,北京 100875

收稿日期:2004-04-10 修回日期:2004-10-09 出版日期:2005-01-25 发布日期:2005-01-25
作者简介:张元明 (1972-),男,研究员,主要从事干旱区植物生态学研究工作。E-mail: zhang-y-m@263.net
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G1999043509);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划(90202019);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目

The Distribution Patterns of Biological Soil Crust in Gurbantunggut Desert

ZHANG Yuanming¹, CHEN Jin², WANG Xueqin¹, PAN Huixia¹, GU Zhihui², PAN Borong¹

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China;
2. Key Lab. of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2004-04-10 Revised:2004-10-09 Online:2005-01-25 Published:2005-01-25
Supported by:
The National Basic Research Program of China, No.G1999043509; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90202019; Key Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.KZCX3-SW-343

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠是我国最大的固定和半固定沙漠,其间广泛发育着以地衣植物为主的生物结皮,是除种子植物以外的固定沙面的重要生物因子。研究表明,选择适当的时段,应用遥感技术并结合地面调查来研究沙漠生物结皮的空间分布格局是可行的,遥感制图与地面调查的结果基本一致。该沙漠南部是生物结皮最为丰富的区域,各种类型的生物结皮均有充分发育,呈连续分布,但其分布模式向北、向西和向东变得破碎。通过统计生物结皮像元的面积, 得到生物结皮覆盖率超过33%的像元面积占研究区总面积的28.7%。生物结皮的分布对地貌部位有较强的选择性,生物结皮的不同发育阶段种类组成亦有较大的差别。

关键词: 古尔班通古特沙漠, 新疆, 生物结皮, 遥感

Abstract:

The biological soil crust, especially lichen crust, was developed well in Gurbantunggut Desert, the largest fixed and semi-fixed sandy desert in China. Together with vascular plant, biological soil crust becomes an important factors relating to sandy surface fixation. In this study, the reflectance of lichen-dominated biological soil crust was measured and used to develop a new index for detecting and mapping the crust distribution. We examined the feasibility of the index for Landsat ETM sensor by using radiative transfer model (6S) to simulate different coverage of the crust under different atmospheric conditions. Then, we applied the new index to Landsat ETM data of the Gurbantunggut desert to map the spatial distribution patterns of biological soil crust in Gurbantunggut Desert. The results, combined with field investigations, showed that the biological soil crust was mainly distributed in southern part of this desert, but became gradually sparse toward northern, western and eastern parts of this desert. The coverage of biological soil crust was estimated up to 28.7%. The species composition of biological soil crust varies according to different positions of sand dunes and different developmental stages of biological crust.

Key words: biological soil crust, remote sensing, Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang

张元明, 陈晋, 王雪芹, 潘惠霞, 辜智慧, 潘伯荣. 古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征[J]. 地理学报, 2005, 60(1): 53-60.

ZHANG Yuanming, CHEN Jin, WANG Xueqin, PAN Huixia, GU Zhihui, PAN Borong. The Distribution Patterns of Biological Soil Crust in Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(1): 53-60.

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古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征

The Distribution Patterns of Biological Soil Crust in Gurbantunggut Desert

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