地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (1): 111-117.doi: 10.11821/xb200401014

• 流域环境模拟 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于水库调蓄的黄河干流水体交换周期的量化研究

刘昌明1,2, 蒋晓辉1   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学资源与环境科学学院，北京 100875；
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
  • 收稿日期:2003-09-11 修回日期:2003-11-28 出版日期:2004-01-25 发布日期:2010-09-09
  • 作者简介:刘昌明 (1934- ), 男, 中国科学院院士, 研究方向为水文水资源。E-mail:Liucm@igsnrr.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究规划项目(G1999043601)

Calculating Water Resource Exchange Time of the Yellow River Basin Based on Reservoir Operation

LIU Changming1,2, JIANG Xiaohui1   

  1. 1. College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2003-09-11 Revised:2003-11-28 Online:2004-01-25 Published:2010-09-09
  • Supported by:

    National Key Project for Basic Sciences, No.G1999043601

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摘要：

针对黄河流域存在的水危机，探讨水体交换周期的内涵和意义，分析水体蓄变情况下水体交换周期的变化特征，在此基础上建立基于水量调度和河段配水的黄河干流水体交换周期的量化模型，并计算了不同时间尺度下黄河水体交换周期。研究结果表明，水体交换周期可以从不同时间尺度上把握水资源的可更新能力，精确地确定区域水资源总量，指导水库的调蓄计划，为建立可持续利用的水资源供水系统及其管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 黄河；水体交换周期；水量调度；水体蓄变

Abstract:

Aiming at water resource crisis of the Yellow River, this paper discusses the connotation of water exchange time, analyzes the change characteristics of water exchange time based on reservoir action, and then establishes numerical models of the water resident time in the mainstream of the Yellow River. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The result indicates that the amount of renewable water per month can meet the demand of all kinds of water utilizations and Lijin profile flows naturally when the original amount of water storage in the Longyangxia reservoir is 9.343 billion m3 and water exchange time is 1.46d0; when the original amount of water storage in the Longyang Gorge Reservoir is 5.343 billion m3 and water exchange time is 1.77d0, no-flow will appear in April and May. (2) Water supply and demand are disproportional in time and space. By dispatching reservoir, the water exchange time of the Yellow River at month scale will be lengthened or shortened, which corresponds the disproportion in time and space of water supply and demand, the amount of runoff in no-flood period with reservoirs action is more 8.3 billion m3 than that without reservoirs action, which promotes the efficiency of reasonable utilization of water resources. (3) When the stage of original storage of the Longyangxia increases from 5.343 billion m3 to 18.043 billion m3, the multi-year scale water exchange time in the Yellow River is close to d0. So, reservoir action has no effect on multi-year scale water exchange time. (4) Water exchange time depends on hydrologic cycle and water balance, which controls the renewable capacity of water resources in various time scales, and determines the total amount of regional water resources accurately. All these offer scientific basis for establishing water supply system for sustainable utilization of water resources.

Key words: Yellow River, water exchange time, water resource operation, storage change