地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2001, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 269-277.doi: 10.11821/xb200103003

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

洞庭湖的冲淤变化和空间分布

高俊峰1, 张琛2, 姜加虎1, 黄群1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008;
    2. 世界自然基金会,北京100001
  • 收稿日期:2000-12-18 修回日期:2001-03-11 出版日期:2001-05-15 发布日期:2001-05-15
  • 基金资助:
    世界自然基金会基金(CN008802-YZ04-1);中国科学院基金(KZ951-A1-202)

Changes in Sediment Deposition and Erosion and Their Spatial Distribution in the Dongting Lake

GAO Jun feng1, ZHANG Chen2, JIANG Jia hu1, HUANG Qun 1   

  1. 1. Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, CAS, Nanjing 210008,China;
    2. World Wide Fund of Nature, Beijing 100001, China
  • Received:2000-12-18 Revised:2001-03-11 Online:2001-05-15 Published:2001-05-15
  • Supported by:
    World Wide Fund of Nature,No.CN008802-YZ04-1;The Project CAS,No.KZ951-A1-202

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被引次数

158 | 33

摘要： 在实测的 1 974,1 988,1 998年 1∶ 2 .5万地形图的基础上,利用地理信息系统的数据处理和空间分析方法,分析洞庭湖 2 4年来的冲淤规律,得到了 2个时期 (1 974～ 1 988,1 988～1 998)洞庭湖冲淤量和冲淤区域的空间分布位置。研究表明,洞庭湖近 2 4年来总的趋势是淤积的,局部有冲刷,但总体上淤积量大于冲刷量,湖盆平均淤高 0 .43m。 2个时期年均冲淤厚度没有明显的变化,为 0 .0 1 7m/ a。以两期冲淤变化的趋势预测了 2 0 1 0年三峡工程全部完工时洞庭湖的冲淤变化状况,结果表明,1 998～ 2 0 1 0年间洞庭湖将平均淤高 0 .33m。

关键词: 洞庭湖, 湖泊冲淤, 空间分布, 地理信息系统

Abstract: The sediments of the Dongting Lake come from four channels (one of them was closed in 1959), connected with the Yangtze River, four tributaries (Lishui, Yuanjiang, Zishui and Xiangjiang) and local area, and some of them are transported into the Yangtze River at Chenglingji, which is located at the exit of the Dongting Lake, some of them deposit into drainage system in the lake region and the rest deposit into the lake The annual mean sediment is 166 555×10 4 t, of which 80% come from the four channels, 18% from the four tributaries and 2% from local area, whereas 26% of the total sediments are transported into the Yangtze River and 74% deposited into the lake and the lake drainage system The sediment budget in the lake can be expressed as follows: V FourMouth +V FourRiver +V Location +V Erosion -V Out =V LakeSediment +V DrainagesystemSediment where V FourMouth is the sediments from the channels which connect the Yangtze River, V FourRiver is the sediments from the tributaries, V Location is the sediments from local area, V Erosion is erosion from the lake, V Out is the sediments carried into the Yangtze River,V LakeSediment is the sediments deposited in the lake, and V DrainageSystemDediment is the sediments deposited in the lake drainage basin Based on topographic maps in 1974, 1988 and 1998, and the spatial analysis method with geographic information system (GIS), the changes in sediment deposition and erosion are studied in this paper By overlay analysis of 1974 and 1988, 1988 and 1998, erosion and sediments deposition areas are defined The main conclusions are: (1) sediment rate in the lake is larger than erosion rate from 1974 to 1998 The mean deposition in the lake is 0 43 m; (2) annual sediment deposition is the same between 1974～1988 and 1988～1998, but the annual volume of deposition and erosion of 1988～1998 is bigger than that in 1974～1988; (3) before the completion of the Three Gorges Reservoir, there will be 7 82×10 8 m 3 sediment deposited in the lake, which would make the lake silted up by 0 33 m; (4) in the lake, the deposition area is found in the north of the east Dongting Lake, the south west of the south Dongting Lake, and the east of the west Dongting Lake; while the erosion area is in the south of the east Dongting Lake, the middle of the south Dongting Lake, the west of the west Dongting Lake.

Key words: Dongting Lake, sediment deposition and erosion, spatial distribution, GIS

中图分类号: 

  • P343.3