地理学报 ›› 1999, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 431-437.doi: 10.11821/xb199905006

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

祁连山区流域径流影响因子分析

丁永建, 叶柏生, 刘时银   

  1. 中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所,兰州730000
  • 收稿日期:1998-06-08 修回日期:1998-09-28 出版日期:1999-09-15 发布日期:1999-09-15
  • 基金资助:
    国家 “九五”攻关计划项目,编号(96-912-03-03);中国科学院“九五”重大项目,编号(KZ951-131-212-03)

Effect of Climatic Factors on Streamflow in the Alpine Catchment of the Qilian Mountains

DING Yong jian, YE Bai sheng, LIU Shi ying   

  1. Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000
  • Received:1998-06-08 Revised:1998-09-28 Online:1999-09-15 Published:1999-09-15
  • Supported by:
    The Key Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology Grand,No.96-912-03-03 and CAS,No.KZ951-131-212-03

摘要: 本文选取祁连山内陆流域, 采用多元线性回归月径流模型, 对回归系数进行了适当处理,分别得到标准化系数矩阵和径流因子矩阵, 通过矩阵元素的方向和大小来判断各参变量对径流的影响程度。结果显示, 用径流因子方法可以判断出山区流域冰川、积雪、冻土等特殊水文要素以及降水和气温在各月对径流影响的主次程度, 从而确定出影响径流的主要因子。在山区流域资料有限的情况下, 用这种方法可获得较好结果。

关键词: 月径流, 径流影响因子, 寒区水文要素

Abstract: The typical interior alpine catchments in the Qilian Mountains in the northwestern China are selected for this study. Linear multi regression of monthly streamflow model is used for analysis. Five parameters: monthly streamflow, precipitation and air temperature of the former month and monthly precipitation and air temperature are chosen as the effective factors. Regressive coefficients are treated by standardized methods. Then standard coefficient matrix and effective factor matrix have obtained. Size and symbol of the elements in matrix may determine the extent of various ingredients affecting the streamflow. The methods of standard coefficient and effective factor are used to analyze the main ingredient affecting streamflow. The standard coefficient method is more intuitional than normal method. The streamflow factor method can eliminate false, which gives quantitatively the size of the effect factors. By the above analyses, the following results in the selected catchments in the Qilian Mountains may be found: (1) The baseflow may be effective on the alpine streamflow through November to April or May of the next year. (2) Effect of precipitation on the alpine streamflow is obviously strengthened with increase of precipitation from June to September. Meanwhile, precipitation becomes the most effective factor on the streamflow instead of subsurface water. (3) In comparison with the records of the stations in proluvial fan, the effective factor in the inner mountain has its special features. Firstly, effect of precipitation on the streamflow appears much more earlier in the inner mountain and it is dominant in May. Secondly, effect of air temperature is apparent in April and it is more important than the baseflow. (4) Effect of air temperature can not be neglected, especially from February to April, the melting season of snow cover. (5) In September, the streamflow is only related to precipitation, probably caused by change of contribution of underlying surface. Saturated soil, after rainy season (June to August), makes the increases of runoff, and effect of precipitation on the streamflow in September reaches its maximum.

Key words: monthly streamflow, effect factors, hydrological elements in cold region

中图分类号: 

  • P343.6