地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (2): 268-283.doi: 10.11821/xb201302011
孙俊1,2, 潘玉君1, 汤茂林3, 武友德1, 赵健霞1
收稿日期:
2012-05-28
修回日期:
2012-07-30
出版日期:
2013-02-20
发布日期:
2013-02-20
通讯作者:
潘玉君; 汤茂林
作者简介:
孙俊(1985-), 男, 云南泸西人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向为地理学理论、思想史.E-mail: TSWwiththinkwithgp@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40761001; 41071105; 41261033); 国家哲学社会科学基金项目(BHA100058); 科技部创新方法工作项目(2007FY140800)
SUN Jun1,2, PAN Yujun1, TANG Maolin3, WU Youde1, ZHAO Jianxia1
Received:
2012-05-28
Revised:
2012-07-30
Online:
2013-02-20
Published:
2013-02-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40761001; No.41071105; No.41261033; National Philosophy Social Science of China, No.BHA100058;Innovation Method Fund of China, No.2007FY140800
摘要: 《了解正在变化的星球:地理科学的战略方向》是美国国家研究理事会最新的一部颇富创建性和前瞻性的研究报告,反映了地理学发展的集成研究战略方向.尽管受其任务和受众的影响,报告话语表现出过度重视技术和工具,但其提出的建设地理科学这一议题切中了当前地理学发展的战略方向,也在技术和工具这个“任务”方面尝试相应的建构工作,相伴的重要工作是给出了地理科学未来10 年的11 个优先研究领域.报告后来的评论则重新发掘并弥补了该报告的某些不足,说明了该报告“深度”的一面,尤其是地理科学的方法论问题.与该报告及其评论相比,中国建设地理科学的主张具有如下特点:① 学科体系庞大、层次分明、范畴严密;② “学科”与“任务”明显平衡;③ 有系统论和整体论的方法论;④ 初步显现深远的、连锁的影响.《了解正在变化的星球》及其评论,以及中国地理科学建设表明——跨学科的地理科学是地理学发展的战略方向:① 地理学正走向或走入集成研究的“大科学”阶段;② “学科”与“任务”平衡是地理学自身发展及应对了解正在变化的星球的必然要求;③ 未来地理科学建设应当是具有科学人文主义的学科体系、方法论、技术和工具的“三元”结构.
孙俊, 潘玉君, 汤茂林, 武友德, 赵健霞. 地理学发展的战略方向探讨[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(2): 268-283.
SUN Jun, PAN Yujun, TANG Maolin, WU Youde, ZHAO Jianxia. The strategic directions for geography[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(2): 268-283.
[1] National Research Council (NRC). Understanding the Changing Planet: Strategic Directions for the GeographicalSciences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010. [NRC. 理解正在变化的星球: 地理科学的战略方向. 刘毅, 刘卫东等译. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.][2] Soja E W. Keeping space open. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1999, 89(2): 348-353.[3] Sui D S. Introduction: Strategic directions for the geographical sciences in the next decade. The ProfessionalGeographer, 2011, 63(3): 305-309.[4] Cai Yunlong, Wyckoff B. The Interpretation of Geographical Thoughts Scriptures. Beijing: The Commercial Press,2011: 3. [蔡运龙, Wyckoff B. 地理学思想经典解读. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2011: 3.][5] NRC. The Science of Geography. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1965.[6] NRC. Rediscovering Geography: New Relevance for Science and Society. Washington, DC: National Academy Press,1997.[7] Schaefer F. Exceptionalism in geography: A methodological examination. Annals of the Association of AmericanGeographers, 1953, 43: 226-249.[8] Qian Xuesen. Earth science and earth surface science should be distinguished: Speech at the Symposium on EarthSurface Science (April 16, 1987). Journal of Catastrophology, 1987, 2(3): 1-5. [钱学森. 要区别“地球科学”和地球表层学: 在地球表层学学术讨论会上的发言. 灾害学, 1987, 2(3): 1-5.][9] Ye Chao, Cai Yunlong. Re-evaluating Schaefer and his criticizing on exceptionalism in geography: A case study on theinnovation of methodology. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(9): 1134-1142. [叶超, 蔡运龙. 地理学方法论变革的案例剖析: 重新审视《地理学中的例外论》之争. 地理学报, 2009, 64(9): 1134-1142.][10] Johnston R J, Taylor P J. Geographic information systems and geography//Pickles J. Ground Truth: The SocialImplications of Geographic Information Systems. New York: Guilford, 1995: 51-67.[11] Golledge R G. Behavioral geography and the theoretical/quantitative revolution. Geographical Analysis, 2008, 40(2):239-257.[12] Murray A. Quantitative geography. Journal of Regional Science, 2010, 50(1): 143-163.[13] Openshaw S. Computational human geography: Towards a research agenda. Environment and Planning A, 1994, 26(3):499-505.[14] Sui D Z. Tobler's First Law of Geography: A big idea for a small world. Annals of the Association of AmericanGeographers, 2004, 94(2): 269-277.[15] Couclelis H. Spatial in formation technologies and societal problems//Craglia H, Onsrud H. Geographic InformationResearch: Transatlantic Perspectives. London: Taylor and Francis, 1999: 15-24.[16] Couclelis H. The third domain: The spread and use of GIS with social science. Cartographica, 2004, 39(1): 17-24.[17] Sheppard E, Couclelis H, Graham S. Geographies of the information society. International Journal of GeographicalInformation Science, 1999, 13(8): 797-823.[18] Wang Fahui. Spatially-integrated social sciences and GIS: A personal perspective. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(8): 1089-1100. [王法辉. 社会科学和公共政策的空间化和GIS的应用. 地理学报, 2011, 66(8): 1089-1100.][19] China Association for Science and Technology, The Geographical Society of China. Report on Advances inGeography. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 2012: 19. [中国科学技术协会, 中国地理学会. 2011-2012 地理学学科发展报告(人文—经济地理学). 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2012: 19.][20] Winkler J A. Geographical sciences versus geography: How and why? The Professional Geographer, 2011, 63(3):314-319.[21] Clarke K C. Exploring the past and future of our planet: Not bit-by-bit but all at once. The Professional Geographer,2011, 63(3): 320-324.[22] Kates R W. The human environment: The road not taken, the road still beckoning. Annals of the Association ofAmerican Geographers, 1987, 77: 525-534.[23] Klein J T. Crossing Boundaries: Knowledge, Disciplinarities, and Interdisciplinarities. Charlottesville and London:University Press of Virginia, 1996: 37-48.[24] Liu Zhou. Study on development mechanisms of interdisciplinary scientific research organizations in highereducation [D]. Tianjin: University of Tianjin, 2008: 39-41. [柳洲. 高校跨学科科研组织成长机制研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学管理学院, 2008: 39-41.][25] Liu Zhonglin. Modern interdisciplinary science ant its advance. Studies in Dialectics of Nature, 1993, 9(1): 37-42. [刘仲林. 当代跨学科学及其进展. 自然辩证法研究, 1993, 9(1): 37-42.][26] Barnes T J. This is like Déjà Vu all over again. The Professional Geographer, 2011, 63(3): 332-336.[27] Clout H. Geographers in their ivory tower: Academic geography and popular geography in Paris 1931. GeografiskaAnnaler: Series B Human Geography, 2005, 87(1): 15-29.[28] Bruce A, Lyall C, Tait J et al. Interdisciplinary integration in Europe: The case of the fifth framework programme.Futures, 2004, 36: 457-470.[29] Goodchild M F. The validity and usefulness of laws in geographic information science and geography. Annals of theAssociation of American Geographers, 2004, 94(2): 300-304.[30] Barnes T. A paper related to everything but more related to local things. Annals of the Association of AmericanGeographers, 2004, 94(2): 278-283.[31] Phillips J D. Doing justice to the law. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004, 94(2): 290-293.[32] Miller H J. Tobler's first law and spatial analysis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004, 94(2):284-289.[33] Tobler W. On the First Law of Geography: A reply. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2004, 94(2):304-310.[34] Sun Jun, Pan Yujun. The enlightenment of geographical theory construction from the First Law of Geography and itsdebates. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(10): 1149-1163. [孙俊, 潘玉君. 地理学第一定律之争及其对地理学理论建设的启示. 地理研究, 2012, 31(10): 1149-1163.][35] Bjorholm S, Jens-Christian Svenning, Skov F et al. To what extent does Tobler's 1st Law of Geography apply tomacroecology? A case study using American palms (Arecaceae). BMC Ecology, 2008, 44(8): 1-10.[36] Johnston R. Promoting geography (or part of it): Yet again! The Professional Geographer, 2011, 63(3): 325-331.[37] Ross S. Scientist: The story of a word. Annals of Science, 1962, 18(2): 65-85.[38] Murphy A B. Putting understanding the changing planet in context: A response. The Professional Geographer, 2011, 63(3): 337-342.[39] Pattison W. Four traditions for geography. Journal of Geography, 1964, 53(3): 211-216.[40] Robbins P. Asking even more from grand geographic strategy. The Professional Geographer, 2011, 63(3): 310-313.[41] Claval P. A History of Geographical Thought. 3rd ed. Zheng Shenghua, Liu Demei et al. trans. Beijing: PekingUniversity Press, 2007. [保罗·克拉瓦尔. 地理学思想史. 郑胜华, 刘德美等译. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2007.][42] Harvey D. Cartographic identities: Geographical knowledges under globalization//Twenty-ninth InternationalGeographical Congress Symposium. New York: Routledge, 2000.[43] Bonnett A. Geography as the world discipline: Connecting popular and academic geographical imaginations. Area, 2003, 35(1): 55-63.[44] Qian Xuesen et al. On Geographical Sciences. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Education Publishing House, 1994. [钱学森等. 论地理科学. 杭州: 浙江教育出版社, 1994.][45] Ma Ainai. Introduction to Geographical Science: "Bridge Science" between Natural Science and Social Science.Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2005: 12-13. [马蔼乃. 地理科学导论: 自然科学与社会科学的“桥梁科学”. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2005: 12-13.][46] Tang Maolin, Lu Pin, Liu Maosong. Unity of geography beyond dichotomy of physical and human geography.Tropical Geography, 2010, 30(2): 101-106. [汤茂林, 陆玭, 刘茂松. 统一地理学发展之道: 直面危机, 加强对话, 超越自然—人文二元化. 热带地理, 2010, 30(2): 101-106.][47] Wu Chuanjun. The core of study of geography: Man-land relationship areal system. Economic Geography, 1991, 11(3): 1-6. [吴传钧. 论地理学的研究核心: 人地关系地域系统. 经济地理, 1991, 11(3): 1-6.][48] Liu Shengjia. Academician Wu Chuanjun's human geographical thoughts and man-nature relationship system theory.Progress in Geography, 1998, 17(1): 12-18. [刘盛佳. 吴传钧院士的人文地理思想与人地关系地域系统学说. 地理科学进展, 1998, 17(1): 12-18.][49] Huang Bingwei. On earth system science and sustainable development strategy (I). Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 54(1): 350-354. [黄秉维. 论地球系统科学与可持续发展战略科学基础(I). 地理学报, 1996, 54(1): 350-354.][50] Cai Yunlong, Lu Dadao, Zhou Yixing et al. Chinese progress and international trends of geography. Acta GeographicaSinica, 2004, 59(6): 803-810. [蔡运龙, 陆大道, 周一星等. 地理科学的中国进展与国际趋势. 地理学报, 2004, 59(6):803-810.][51] Ren Mei'e, Huang Bingwei, Wu Chuanjun. Editor-in-Chiefs Address Acta Geographica Sinica. Acta Geographica Sinica,1994, 49(3): 195-197. [任美锷, 黄秉维, 吴传钧. 历届主编谈《地理学报》. 地理学报, 1994, 49(3): 195-197.][52] Hurst M E. Geography has neither existence nor future//Johnston R J. The Future of Geography. London and NewYork: Methuen, 1985: 59-91.[53] Wang Zheng, Ding Jinhong, Zang Keqi et al. On modern geography: Its objects, contents, structure and methodology.Geographical Research, 1991, 11(3): 68-77. [王铮, 丁金宏, 章可奇等. 论现代地理学对象、内容、结构和基本方法.地理研究, 1991, 11(3): 68-77.][54] Lu Dadao, Cai Yunlong. Geography in China: As sciences of changing direction. Advance in Earth Sciences, 2001, 16(4): 467-472. [陆大道, 蔡运龙. 我国地理学发展的回顾与展望: 地理学: 方向正在变化的科学. 地球科学进展, 2001,16(4): 467-472.][55] Lu Dadao. Some key issues concerning development of geographical science in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003,58(1): 3-8. [陆大道. 中国地理学发展若干值得思考的问题. 地理学报, 2003, 58(1): 3-8.][56] Cai Yunlong, Lu Dadao, Zhou Yixing et al. National demands for and development strategies of Chinese geography.Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(6): 811-819. [蔡运龙, 陆大道, 周一星等. 中国地理科学的国家需求与发展战略.地理学报, 2004, 59(6): 811-819.][57] Cai Yunlong, Li Shuangcheng, Fang Xiuqi. The research forefront of physical geography. Acta Geographica Sinica,2009, 64(11): 1363-1374. [蔡运龙, 李双成, 方修琦. 自然地理学研究前沿. 地理学报, 2009, 64(11): 1363-1374.][58] Zhang Jiuchen. The debates on the relationship between "Task" and "Discipline": A case study on natural resourcessurvey of CAS. Journal of Dialectics of Nature, 2011, 33(1): 31-38. [张九辰. 二十世纪六十年代对“任务”与“学科”关系的讨论: 以中科院组织的自然资源综合考察为例. 自然辩证法研究, 2011, 33(1): 31-38.][59] Lu Yuqi. The major objectives and implementation methods for human geography toward the tendency of physicalscience. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(12): 1587-1596. [陆玉麒. 人文地理学科学化的总体目标与实现路径. 地理学报, 2011, 66(12): 1587-1596.][60] Sun Jun, Pan Yujun. Geographies in China in last 60 years: Perspective strategies of Chinese geographies and itsachievement. Forum on Science and Technology in China, 2012, 28(4): 117-123. [孙俊, 潘玉君. 认识发展中的中国地理学: 近60 年发展战略及其成就. 中国科技论坛, 2012, 28(4): 117-123.][61] Cai Yunlong. Perspectives on innovation in physical geography. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2000, 46(4): 576-582. [蔡运龙. 自然地理学的创新视角. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2000, 46(4): 576-582.][62] Klein J T. Transdisciplinarity: Joint Problem Solving among Science, Technology, and Society: An Effective Way forManaging Complexity. Washington D C: Springer-Verlag, 2001: 3-22.[63] Dicken P. Geographers and 'globalization': (yet) Another missed boat? Transactions of the Institute of BritishGeographers, 2004, 29(1): 5-26.[64] Lu Dadao. The methodology of human-economic geography and its characteristics. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(3): 387-396. [陆大道. 人文—经济地理学的方法论及其特点. 地理研究, 2011, 30(3): 387-396.][65] Fan Jie, Sun Wei. Recent progress and outlook of human-economic geography in China. Progress in Geography, 2011,30(12): 1459-1469. [樊杰, 孙威. 中国人文—经济地理学科进展及展望. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30(12): 1459-1469.][66] Cai Yunlong, Ye Chao, Chen Yanguang et al. Methodology of Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 2011: 296. [蔡运龙,叶超, 陈彦光等. 地理学方法论. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011: 296.][67] Sun Jun, Pan Yujun. Science geography as a discipline: The foundation of theory, content and nature. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(2): 228-236. [孙俊, 潘玉君. 科学地理学的理论基础及其研究内容与学科性质. 地理科学进展,2012, 31(2): 228-236.][68] Pan Yujun. An Introduction to Geography. Beijing: Science Press, 2007: 18-19. [潘玉君. 地理学基础. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007: 18-19.][69] Pan Yujun, Wu Youde. The Introduction of Geographical Sciences. Beijing: Science Press, 2012: 108-137. [潘玉君, 武友德. 地理科学导论. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 108-137.] |
[1] | 邓祥征, 梁立, 吴锋, 王振波, 何书金. 发展地理学视角下中国区域均衡发展[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 261-276. |
[2] | 龚健雅, 许刚, 焦利民, 秦昆. 城市标度律及应用[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(2): 251-260. |
[3] | 何沛东. 张其昀先生的区域地理学思想与成就[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 235-247. |
[4] | 陈发虎, 吴绍洪, 崔鹏, 蔡运龙, 张镱锂, 尹云鹤, 刘国彬, 欧阳竹, 马巍, 杨林生, 吴铎, 雷加强, 张国友, 邹学勇, 陈晓清, 谈明洪, 王训明, 包安明, 程维新, 党小虎, 韦炳干, 王国梁, 王五一, 张兴权, 刘晓晨, 李生宇. 1949—2019年中国自然地理学与生存环境应用研究进展[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(9): 1799-1830. |
[5] | 金贵, 邓祥征, 董寅, 吴锋. 发展地理学视角下中国多维贫困测度及时空交互特征[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1633-1646. |
[6] | 葛全胜, 方创琳, 江东. 美丽中国建设的地理学使命与人地系统耦合路径[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1109-1119. |
[7] | 刘彦随. 中国乡村振兴规划的基础理论与方法论[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1120-1133. |
[8] | 杨庆媛, 罗奎, 劳昕. 基于地理学视角的国际空间规划嬗变与启示[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(6): 1223-1236. |
[9] | 李寻欢, 周扬, 陈玉福. 区域多维贫困测量的理论与方法[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4): 753-768. |
[10] | 塔娜, 申悦. 基于共享度的上海郊区社区居民活动空间隔离及其影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(4): 849-859. |
[11] | 邓祥征, 金贵, 何书金, 王成新, 李兆华, 王占岐, 宋马林, 杨庆媛, 张安录, 陈建成. 发展地理学研究进展与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 226-239. |
[12] | 屠爽爽, 郑瑜晗, 龙花楼, 万诗梦, 梁小丽, 王炜. 乡村发展与重构格局特征及振兴路径——以广西为例[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 365-381. |
[13] | 胡晓亮, 李红波, 张小林, 袁源. 乡村概念再认知[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 398-409. |
[14] | 陆林, 张清源, 许艳, 黄剑锋, 徐雨晨. 全球地方化视角下旅游地尺度重组——以浙江乌镇为例[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(2): 410-425. |
[15] | 陆大道, 刘彦随, 方创琳, 陈明星, 王姣娥, 席建超. 人文与经济地理学的发展和展望[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(12): 2570-2592. |