水文循环模拟中蒸散发估算方法综述

doi:10.11821/xb201301014

地理学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 68 ›› Issue (1): 127-136.doi: 10.11821/xb201301014

水文循环模拟中蒸散发估算方法综述

赵玲玲^1,2, 夏军^3,1, 许崇育⁴, 王中根¹, 苏磊⁵

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京100049;
3. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室;
4. 挪威奥斯陆大学, 奥斯陆;
5. Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-680, Poland

收稿日期:2012-08-23 修回日期:2012-10-16 出版日期:2013-01-20 发布日期:2013-01-20
通讯作者: 夏军(1954-),男,研究员,博士生导师,中国地理学会会员(S110001624M)。E-mail:xiaj@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:赵玲玲,女,河南濮阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:流域水文循环模拟。E-mail:linglingzhao@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究973 项目(2010CB428406); 中国科学院—澳大利亚联邦科工组织战略合作项目(CJHZ1223)

A review of evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological Models

ZHAO Lingling^1,2, XIA Jun^3,1, XU Chong-yu⁴, WANG Zhonggen¹, LeszekSOBKOWIAK⁵

1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. State Key Lab. of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
4. Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
5. Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Institute of Physical Geography and Environmental Planning, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-680, Poland

Received:2012-08-23 Revised:2012-10-16 Online:2013-01-20 Published:2013-01-20
Supported by:
National Basic Research Program of China, No.2010CB428406; CAS-CSIRO Cooperative research Program, No.CJHZ1223

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为选取基于水文循环估算蒸散发方法提供依据, 首先对常用水文模型中蒸散发估算方法进行回顾, 根据其物理机理的强弱性, 将水文模型中蒸散估算方法分为整体折算法和分类汇总法。当前水文模型中整体折算法占较大比重, 它们之间的差异有两点:一是潜在蒸散发估算方法不同;二是土壤干燥度折算函数不同;研究表明:由于水文模型存在不确定性及Penman-Monteith 方法具有较高资料要求, 致使模拟中使用该方法与使用其它简化经验公式相似或更差的水文循环模拟效果。所以对于不同水文模型, 如何选取与之复杂程度相兼容的潜在蒸散发估算方程和土壤干燥度折算函数来降低模型的不确定性需进一步讨论。在此基础上, 预估基于水文循环估算蒸散发方法朝着复杂机理化和简单实用化两个方向发展。

关键词: 水文模型, 流域蒸散发, 潜在蒸散发, 土壤可用水函数

Abstract: Actual evapotranspiration is a key process of hydrological cycle and a sole term that links land surface water balance equation and land surface energy balance equation. Evapotranspiration plays a key role in simulating hydrological effect of climate change, and a review of evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological models is of vital importance. This paper firstly summarizes the evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological models and then classifies them into integrated discounting methods and classification gathering methods by their mechanism. Integrated discounting methods are usually used in hydrological models and two differences exist among these methods, one is in the potential evaporation estimation methods, and the other difference is the function for defining relationship between potential evaporation and actual evapotranspiration. Due to the higher information requirements of the Penman-Monteith method and the existing uncertainty in those data, simplified empirical methods for calculating potential and actual evapotranspiration are widely used in hydrological models. Different evapotranspiration calculation methods are used in different hydrological models, and importance and difficulty in the selection of most suitable evapotranspiration methods in various hydrological models with different complexity is discussed. Finally, this paper points out the development direction of the evapotranspiration estimating methods in hydrological models.

Key words: hydrological model, actual evaporation, potential evaporation, function of soil moisture

赵玲玲, 夏军, 许崇育, 王中根, 苏磊. 水文循环模拟中蒸散发估算方法综述[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(1): 127-136.

ZHAO Lingling, XIA Jun, XU Chong-yu, WANG Zhonggen, LeszekSOBKOWIAK. A review of evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological Models[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(1): 127-136.

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水文循环模拟中蒸散发估算方法综述

A review of evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological Models

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