基于不同尺度的中国区域经济差异

doi:10.11821/xb201208007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用变异系数、泰尔指数、空间自相关和尺度方差等统计方法从地带、省级、地级和县级4 个尺度对1998-2009 年中国区域经济差异进行测度和空间格局比较分析。① 差异测度研究表明, 自1998 年以来, 中国区域经济差异在4 个尺度上均表现出扩大的趋势;省级、地级和县级单元人均GDP具有显著的空间自相关性, 其中地级和县级人均GDP的空间自相关程度呈扩大趋势。② 尺度方差及其分解研究表明, 尺度方差及其构成大小依次排列均为县级、地级、省级、地带, 即尺度越小, 尺度方差越大, 对区域经济差异的贡献份额也越大。③ 空间格局研究表明, 不同尺度区域经济空间关联格局总体相对稳定, HH类型集聚区大多分布于东部沿海地区, LL类型在中西部地区的大规模集聚是不同尺度区域经济空间自相关性的主要原因;各尺度显著空间关联类型对总体空间自相关和区域经济差异的影响各不相同。

关键词: 区域经济差异, 不同尺度, 空间分析, 中国

Abstract: Analyzing regional inequality is of great significance to both academic enquiry and government policy. The recent literature on economic geography implies that scale has been playing a significant role in the economic geographical processes. Although regional inequality in China has also attracted tremendous scholarly interests since China started to implement policies of economic reforms in the late 1970s, the current work ignores the scalar effects in studying the regional inequality. With the increasing availability of data, this paper employs Coefficient Variance, Theil Index, spatial autocorrelation and scale variance based on the per capita GDP to examine the changing trends and spatial patterns of regional inequalities in China at four different spatial scales, i.e. region, province, prefecture and county. First, we use CV, Theil Index and Moran's I to explore the changing trends of regional inequalities in China and find that they all experienced increasing regional inequalities and significant spatial autocorrelation in regional development at all the four scales. Both of the prefecture and county levels have experienced a process of intensifying spatial autocorrelation. Second, with the scale variance and its component statistic techniques, we discover that there is an increasing sequence according to the scale variances and their components, i.e. county, prefecture, province and region, which indicates that the scalar variance is lower at the smaller scale and the regional inequality at smaller scale contributes more to the whole regional inequality. Third, by using spatial analysis techniques, we find that local spatial autocorrelation patterns have been stable since 1998. The HH type units tend to concentrate in the east coastal area of China. And the significant spatial autocorrelation is largely due to the concentration of LL clusters in central and western China. This paper also concludes that the regional inequality in China merits more investigation at the county level as the county unit is the most stable one in the history of China's regional administrative system.

Key words: regional inequality, different scales, spatial analysis, China

陈培阳, 朱喜钢. 基于不同尺度的中国区域经济差异[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(8): 1085-1097.

CHEN Peiyang, ZHU Xigang. Regional Inequalities in China at Different Scales[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(8): 1085-1097.

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