地理学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (5): 645-656.doi: 10.11821/xb201205007
马雪宁, 张明军, 王圣杰, 马潜, 潘淑坤
收稿日期:
2011-09-20
修回日期:
2012-02-08
出版日期:
2012-05-20
发布日期:
2012-05-20
通讯作者:
张明军(1975-), 男, 教授, 博导, 中国地理学会会员(S110007775M), 主要从事气候变化与冰川方面的研究。E-mail: mjzhang2004@163.com
基金资助:
MA Xuening, ZHANG Mingjun, WANG Shengjie, MA Qian, PAN Shukun
Received:
2011-09-20
Revised:
2012-02-08
Online:
2012-05-20
Published:
2012-05-20
Supported by:
摘要: 利用黄河流域72 个气象站点1960-2010 年的气象资料,系统分析了过去51 年间气温、降水量以及潜在蒸散量的变化趋势,研究了气温、降水量与潜在蒸散量之间的长期变化趋势关系,对影响潜在蒸散量下降的主要因子进行了探讨,重点对黄河流域是否存在“蒸发悖论”进行验证。研究结果表明:(1) 过去51 年间,黄河流域内气温增加显著、潜在蒸散量呈下降趋势,总体上存在“蒸发悖论”;(2) “蒸发悖论”具有空间上和时间上的不一致性,随着气温增加,春、夏、冬三季潜在蒸散量呈减少趋势,减少区域主要集中于山西、河南大部分区域以及甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西等少部分区域;时间上主要表现在1960-1979 年潜在蒸散量变化趋势不明显,1980-2010 年气温与潜在蒸散量变化趋势在空间分布上的逆向关系更加明显;(3) 过去51 年间,降水量无论是年际还是夏、秋季变化趋势都不明显,降水量与潜在蒸散量时空变化分布上大体呈现逆向变化关系;(4) 从气象要素变化对潜在蒸散量变化的贡献率来看,近51年来风速的明显减小是导致黄河流域潜在蒸散量减少的主导因素。
马雪宁, 张明军, 王圣杰, 马潜, 潘淑坤. “蒸发悖论”在黄河流域的探讨[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 645-656.
MA Xuening, ZHANG Mingjun, WANG Shengjie, MA Qian, PAN Shukun. Evaporation Paradox in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(5): 645-656.
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