中国耕地和农村宅基地利用转型耦合分析

doi:10.11821/xb201202006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土地利用转型,即在社会经济变化和革新的驱动下,某一区域在一段时期内由一种土地利用形态转变为另一种土地利用形态的过程。在中国,耕地和农村宅基地乃土地利用转型的重要源头。本文综合利用2000 年和2008 年两期Landsat TM 影像解译土地利用数据及2000-2008 年国土资源部土地利用年度变更调查数据,分析了中国耕地和农村宅基地利用转型的时空耦合特征。研究表明：① 2000-2008 年期间,中国耕地面积与农村宅基地面积变化的相关系数为-0.921,呈现出明显的增减逆协同演进格局；② 耕地—宅基地变化相关系数与农村宅基地利用变化率的Spearman 等级相关分析结果表明,在耕地和农村宅基地利用的相互转化过程中,农村宅基地利用的变化起主导作用；③ 通过计算全国各省2000-2008 年间的耕地—宅基地变化耦合系数,发现期间耕地和农村宅基地利用变化耦合程度高的省份主要分布在胡焕庸线的东南部。社会经济—生物自然—土地管理三维驱动因素通过“农村人口—耕地—农村宅基地”三者之间的相互联系与相互作用驱动着耕地和农村宅基地利用的转型。然而,耕地和农村宅基地利用转型的时空耦合现象及其发生机制在很大程度上要归因于中国特殊的城乡二元结构社会体制。

关键词: 土地利用转型, 耕地, 农村宅基地, 耦合机制, 乡村转型发展, 中国

Abstract: Land use transition refers to the changes in land use morphology of a certain region over a certain period of time driven by socio-economic change and innovation, and it usually corresponds to the transition of socio-economic development phase. In China, farmland and rural housing land are the major sources of land use transition. This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics of farmland and rural housing land transition in China, using high-resolution Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) data in 2000 and 2008, and the data from Reports on China's Land-use Survey and Update during 2000-2008 released by the Ministry of Land and Resources of China. Conclusions are summarized as follows: 1) During 2000-2008, the correlation coefficient of farmland vs. rural housing land change is -0.921, showing that the change pattern of farmland and rural housing land is uncoordinated; 2) The result of Spearman rank correlation analysis of the change rate of rural housing land and the correlation coefficient of farmland vs. rural housing land change shows that rural housing land change has played a major role in the process of farmland and rural housing land transformation from each other; and 3) During 2000-2008, a high-degree coupling is found between farmland and rural housing land change in the southeast China, based on the calculation of the coupling coefficient of China's farmland and rural housing land change at provincial level. In general, farmland and rural housing land transition in China is driven by socio-economic, bio-physical and managerial three-dimensional driving factors through the interactions among rural population, farmland and rural housing land. However, the spatio-temporal coupling phenomenon and mechanism of farmland and rural housing land transition in China are largely due to the 'dual-track' structure of rural-urban development.

Key words: land use transition, farmland, rural housing land, coupling mechanism, rural transformation development, China

龙花楼, 李婷婷. 中国耕地和农村宅基地利用转型耦合分析[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(2): 201-210.

LONG Hualou, LI Tingting. Analysis of the Coupling of Farmland and Rural Housing Land Transition in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(2): 201-210.

参考文献

[1] Long Hualou. Rural housing land transition in China: Theory and verification. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(10):1093-1100. [龙花楼. 中国农村宅基地转型的理论与证实. 地理学报, 2006, 61(10): 1093-1100.]
[2] Global Land Project (GLP). Science Plan and Implementation Strategy. IGBP Report No.53/IHDP Report No.19. IGBPSecretariat, Stockholm, 2005.
[3] Grainger A. The future role of the tropical rain forests in the world forest economy [D]. Oxford: Department of PlantSciences, University of Oxford, 1986.
[4] Grainger A. National land use morphology: patterns and possibilities. Geography, 1995, 80(3): 235-245.
[5] Long Hualou, Li Xiubin. Analysis of regional land use transition: A case study in the transect of the Yangtse River.Journal of Natural Resources, 2002, 17(2): 144-149. [龙花楼, 李秀彬. 区域土地利用转型分析: 以长江沿线样带为例.自然资源学报, 2002, 17(2): 144-149.]
[6] Long Hualou. Land use transition: A new integrated approach of land use/cover change study. Geography and Geo-information Science, 2003, 19(1): 87-90. [龙花楼. 土地利用转型: 土地利用/覆被变化综合研究的新途径. 地理与地理信息科学, 2003, 19(1): 87-90.]
[7] Lu Dadao, Shi Peijun, Dong Guangqi. Important ideas embodying land use transition. China Land and Resources News,2006-07-17(5). [陆大道, 史培军, 董光器. 体现土地利用转型的重要理念. 中国国土资源报, 2006-07-17(5).]
[8] Cai Yunlong, Wang Yong, Li Yuping. Study on changing relationship of demand and supply of cultivated land in China.China Land Science, 2009, 23(3): 11-18, 31. [蔡运龙, 汪涌, 李玉平. 中国耕地供需变化规律研究. 中国土地科学,2009, 23(3): 11-18, 31.]
[9] Li Xiubin. Theoretical hypotheses about agricultural land use changes and the relevant propositions about environmentalimpacts. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23(11): 1124-1129. [李秀彬. 农地利用变化假说与相关的环境效应命题. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(11): 1124-1129.]
[10] Wu Junfan. Modern land use mode transition in Shanghai: A case of river bank resources. Researches in ChineseEconomic History, 2010, (3): 43-53. [吴俊范. 近代上海土地利用方式转型初探: 以河浜资源为中心. 中国经济史研究, 2010, (3): 43-53.]
[11] Guo Sujun, Zhang Peigang. The need for land use transition near Shenzhen Special Economic Zone from Guanlan.Planners, 2008, 24(8): 72-77. [郭素君, 张培刚. 从观澜看深圳市特区外土地利用转型的必然性. 规划师, 2008, 24(8):72-77.]
[12] Yang Yongchun, Yang Xiaojuan. Research on urban spatial expansion and land use inner structure transformation ofthe large valley-basin cities in China from 1949 to 2005: A case study of Lanzhou. Journal of Natural Resources,2009, 24(1): 37-49. [杨永春, 杨晓娟. 1949-2005 年中国河谷盆地型大城市空间扩展与土地利用结构转型: 以兰州市为例. 自然资源学报, 2009, 24(1): 37-49.]
[13] Long Hualou, Li Xiubin. Rural housing land transition in the transect of the Yangtse River. Acta Geographica Sinica,2005, 60(2): 179-188. [龙花楼, 李秀彬. 长江沿线样带农村宅基地转型. 地理学报, 2005, 60(2): 179-188.]
[14] Ma Jihong. Analysis of mechanism in cultivated land transition in Nong'an County [D]. Changchun: Northeast NormalUniversity, 2009. [马继红. 农安县耕地转型的机理研究[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2009.]
[15] Liu Yansui, Li Yurui. Spatio-temporal coupling relationship between farmland and agricultural labor changes at countylevel in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(12): 1602-1612. [刘彦随, 李裕瑞. 中国县域耕地与农业劳动力变化的时空耦合关系. 地理学报, 2010, 65(12): 1602-1612.]
[16] Liu Chengwu, Li Xiubin. Regional differences in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during 1980-2002.Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(2): 139-145. [刘成武, 李秀彬. 1980 年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异. 地理学报, 2006, 61(2): 139-145.]
[17] Long Hualou. Land rehabilitation and regional land use transition. Progress in Geography, 2003, 22(2): 133-140. [龙花楼. 区域土地利用转型与土地整理. 地理科学进展, 2003, 22(2): 133-140.]
[18] Liu Jiyuan, Zhang Zengxiang, Xu Xinliang et al. Spatial patterns and driving forces of land use change in China inthe early 21st century. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(12): 1411-1420. [刘纪远, 张增祥, 徐新良等. 21 世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析. 地理学报, 2009, 64(12): 1411-1420.]
[19] Long Hualou, Liu Yansui, Wu Xiuqin et al. Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of farmland and rural settlements inSu-Xi-Chang region: implications for building a new countryside in coastal China. Land Use Policy, 2009, 26(2):322-333.
[20] Lambin E F, Meyfroidt P. Land use transitions: socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change. Land UsePolicy, 2010, 27(2): 108-118.
[21] Long Hualou. Land use transition and rural transformation development. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(2): 193-200. [龙花楼. 论土地利用转型与乡村转型发展. 地理科学进展, 2012, 31(2): 193-200.]
[22] Hu Huanyong. The distribution of population in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1935, 2(2): 33-74. [胡焕庸. 中国人口之分布. 地理学报, 1935, 2(2): 33-74.]
[23] Turner II B L, Skole D, Sanderson S et al. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Science/Research Plan. IGBP ReportNo.35 and HDP Report No.7. Stochkholm: IGBP, 1995.
[24] Li Xiubin. Explanation of land use changes. Progress in Geography, 2002, 21(3): 195-203. [李秀彬. 土地利用变化的解释. 地理科学进展, 2002, 21(3): 195-203.]
[25] Lu Dadao. Urbanization process and spatial expansion in China. China Urban Economy, 2007, (10): 14-17. [陆大道. 我国的城镇化进程与空间扩张. 中国城市经济, 2007, (10): 14-17.]
[26] Long Hualou, Cai Yunlong, Zhang Xianzhong. A study on applying geographical engineering technology to sustainableland use of economic and technological development zones. Areal Research and Development, 2002, 21(2): 13-17. [龙花楼, 蔡运龙, 张献忠. 经济技术开发区土地可持续利用中的地理工程技术应用. 地域研究与开发, 2002, 21(2):13-17.]
[27] Long Hualou, Zou Jian. Farmland destroyed by natural hazards in China: Spatio-temporal pattern and integrated prevention and treatment system. Disaster Advances, 2010, 3(4): 592-597.
[28] Long Hualou, Li Yurui, Liu Yansui. Analysis of evolutive characteristics and their driving mechanism of hollowingvillages in China. Acta Geographica Sinica 2009, 64(10): 1203-1213. [龙花楼, 李裕瑞, 刘彦随. 中国空心化村庄演化特征及其动力机制. 地理学报, 2009, 64(10): 1203-1213.]
[29] Ding C R. Policy and praxis of land acquisition in China. Land Use Policy, 2007, 24(1): 1-13.
[30] Zhou Feizhou. The role of government and farmers in land development and transfer. Sociological Studies, 2007, 22(1): 49-82. [周飞舟. 生财有道: 土地开发和转让中的政府和农民. 社会学研究, 2007, 22(1): 49-82.]
[31] Long Hualou, Tang Guoping, Li Xiubin et al. Socio-economic driving forces of land-use change in Kunshan, theYangtze River Delta Economic Area of China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2007, 83(3): 351-364.
[32] Liu Weixin. The Grow-up and Sustainable Development of Kunshan, China. Beijing: Science Press, 1995: 150. [刘维新. 中国昆山的崛起与可持续发展. 北京: 科学出版社, 1995: 150.]
[33] Long Hualou. Land Use and Rural Transformation Development in China. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. [龙花楼. 中国乡村转型发展与土地利用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012.]