地理环境演化趋势的熵变化分析

doi:10.11821/xb201111007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地理环境系统的演化遵从热力学第二定律：系统的有序度变化与其总熵值变化反相关；当总熵变为负时,系统的有序度增大,从而有利于人类的生存与发展；反之亦然。结合前人有关地理环境熵变研究成果的分析表明：自然地理环境的自发演化是朝着有序化方向发展的；大规模人类活动对城市系统及人文地理环境的影响总体上是正面的,推动了其有序化发展；对自然地理环境的影响有正有负,正面影响表现为对低熵物质与能量的增量生产,体现在农产品增收、太阳能等新能源技术的应用和生态环境建设等方面；负面影响表现为消费与工业生产过程中对低熵物质与能量的消耗和向环境排放“三废”与散热,导致地理环境中低熵成分存量的减少和熵增扩大,已引起普遍担忧。自然地理环境“本底”演化的有序化指向和大幅增产低熵能源的技术可能性启示我们：通过引入更多低熵物质与能量和减少熵排放,可以促使地理环境的演化继续指向有序化方向。

关键词: 地理环境, 熵, 有序度, 演化

Abstract: The evolution of geographical environmental system obeys the second law of thermodynamics: the order degree changes of the system are anti-related to its total entropy changes. The order degree increases when the total entropy changes are negative, and it is useful for human beings' survival and development, and vice versa. The analysis shows that the spontaneous evolution of natural geographical environment is developing towards ordering. The impacts of large-scale human activities on city system and human geographical environment are totally positive, and push its ordering development; their impacts on natural geographical development are both positive and negative. The positive impact is mainly the incremental production of low-entropy material and energy, which has been reflected in the increase of agricultural products and the application of new energy technology, such as solar energy, and ecological environment construction. The negative impacts are consumption of low-entropy material and energy, discharge of "three wastes" and elimination heat to the environment during the process of consumption and industrial production. These impacts lead to decrease of stock of low-entropy material and expansion of entropy increase during the geographical development, and have already caused common anxiety. Ordering of background evolution of natural geographical environment and technological possibility indicate that the evolution of geographical environment can continue ordering by introducing more low-entropy material and energy and decreasing the discharge of entropy.

Key words: geographical environment, entropy, order degree, evolution

王玉明. 地理环境演化趋势的熵变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(11): 1508-1517.

WANG Yuming. The Analysis of Entropy Changes on the Evolutional Tendency of Geographical Environment[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(11): 1508-1517.

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