中国城市土地利用效率评价

doi:10.11821/xb201108010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市土地利用效率状况直接影响城市的社会经济发展和人居环境建设。基于数据包络法对全国655 个城市土地投入产出效率和规模效率进行了分析,结果发现：① 目前中国城市土地投入产出效率普遍较低,呈现出东部地区高、中西部低的空间分布格局;存在规模等级递增效应,但小城市表现出明显的特殊性。② 影响中国城市土地投入产出效率较低的因素较多,其中,第二、三产业从业人员投入过多尤为突出,固定资产投资和建设用地也存在一定冗余,环境产出效益相对不足。③ 中国大部分城市土地规模效率处于递增状态;城市土地规模效率空间分布亦呈现出东部地区高、中西部低的格局,且存在规模等级递减效应。对不同空间尺度和不同规模等级城市土地利用效率评价及其影响因子分析,对各级政府制定城市发展政策具有重要的现实意义。

关键词: 城市土地, 投入产出效率, 规模效率, 数据包络法, 中国

Abstract: Urban land use efficiency has direct influence on socio-economic development and construction of residential conditions in cities. Based on data envelopment analysis of the input-output and scalable efficiency of land use in 658 cities across China, some results are obtained as follows. First, the input-output efficiency of urban land use in China is low by large and ascends by the level of city scales, high in Eastern China and low in Central and Western China. The input-output efficiency of urban land use, however, is abnormally high in small cities. Second, there are a variety of factors contributing to low input-output efficiency of urban land use in China, ranging from redundant personnel investment in the secondary and tertiary industries, excessive fixed asset investment and construction land, to deficiency of environmental output which are more dramatic in different big cities by tiers. Third, the scale efficiency of land use in most of the cities in China is rising. The scale efficiency of urban land use is high in Eastern China and low in Central and Western China, descending by the level of city scales. It is of great significance to evaluate and analyze the factors contributing to different land use efficiency nationwide, three large regions and different tier cities, which will provide realistic ground for governments at all levels to stipulate urban development policies.

Key words: urban land use, input-output efficiency, scalable efficiency, data envelopment analysis, China

吴得文, 毛汉英, 张小雷, 黄金川. 中国城市土地利用效率评价[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(8): 1111-1121.

WU Dewen, MAO Hanying, ZHANG Xiaolei, HUANG Jinchuan. Assessment of Urban Land Use Efficiency in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(8): 1111-1121.

参考文献

[1] Liu Yansui, Deng Xusheng, Gan Hong. The state and optimization countermeasures of urban land -use in China. Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University, 2005, 27(3): 1-4. [刘彦随, 邓旭升, 甘红. 我国城市土地利用态势及优化对策. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2005, 27(3): 1-4.]

[2] Chapin F S, Kaiser E J. Urban Land Use Planning. 3rd ed. University of Illinois Press, 1967.

[3] Bardo JW, Hartman J J. Urban Sociology: A Systematic Introduction. Peacock, 1982.

[4] Xu Xueqiang, Zhou Yixing, Ning Yuemin. Urban Geography. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 1997. [许学强, 周一星, 宁越敏. 城市地理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1997.]

[5] Liu Shenghe, Wu Chuanjun, Chen Tian. A critical review on the progress of urban land use theories in the West.Geographical Research, 2001, 20(1): 111-119. [刘盛和, 吴传钧, 陈田. 评析西方城市土地利用的理论研究. 地理研究,2001, 20(1): 111-119.]

[6] Liu Shenghe. Spatial patterns and dynamic mechanisms of urban land use growth. Progress in Geography, 2002, 21(1):43-50. [刘盛和. 城市土地利用扩展的空间模式与动力机制. 地理科学进展, 2002, 21(1): 43-50.]

[7] Denise Dipasquale,William C Wheaton. Urban Economics and Real Estate Markets. Prentice Hall, 1995.

[8] Koopmans T C, Beckmann M J. Assignment problems and the location of economic activities. Econometrica, 1957, 25(1):53-76.

[9] Man Cho. Congestion effects of spatial growth restrictions: A model and empirical analysis. Real Estate Economics, 1997,25(3): 409-438.

[10] Liu Shenghe, Zhou Jianmin. Theories and method of urban land use in the West. Urban Planning Overseas, 2001, 1:17-19. [刘盛和, 周建民. 西方城市土地利用研究的理论与方法. 国外城市规划, 2001, (1): 17-19.]

[11] Yeh A G O, Wu Fulong. The new land development process and urban development in Chinese cities. International Journalof Urban and Regional Studies, 1996, 20(2): 330-353.

[12] Oscar Fisch. Optimal allocation of land to transportation in a non-optimal urban structure. Regional Science and UrbanEconomics, 1982, 12(2): 235-246.

[13] Sui D Z. GIS-based urban modeling: Practices, problems and prospects. International Journal of Geographical InformationScience, 1998, 12(7): 651-671.

[14] Chafer M, Wright G L. An analysis of land capability assessment using remotely sensed date//The Australian RemoteSensing Conference Proceedings, 1994.

[15] Abdullah Mah. Urban planning and monitoring changes using ER Mapper. The 21st Asian Conference on RemoteSensing, Taipei, December 4-8, 2000.

[16] Wu Jin. Urban Morphology in China: Structure, Characteristic and Evolution. Nanjing: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press,1990. [武进. 中国城市形态: 结构、特征及其演变. 南京: 江苏科技出版社, 1990.]

[17] Chen Rong. The theory of urban land consolidation. Urban Planning Forum, 1995, (4): 28-33. [陈荣. 城市土地利用效率论. 城市规划汇刊, 1995, (4): 28-33.]

[18] Liu Yansui. The correlation analysis for urban land-use location and land profit. Journal of Shanxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 1995, 23(1): 95-100. [刘彦随. 城市土地区位与土地收益相关分析. 陕西师大学报: 自然科学版, 1995, 23(1): 95-100.]

[19] Dong Liming, Feng Changchun. A preliminary study on theory and methodology of economic evaluation of urban land.Acta Geographica Sinica, 1989, 44(3): 323-333. [董黎明, 冯长春. 城市土地综合经济评价的理论方法初探. 地理学报,1989, 44(3): 323-333.]

[20] Chen Zhihuui, Zhu Jiashan. Urban land use and assessment. Urban Problems, 2002, (6): 62-63, 24. [陈志辉, 祝甲山. 浅议城市土地利用及其评价. 城市问题, 2002, (6): 62-63, 24.]

[21] Li Xun, Xu Xianxiang, Chen Haohui. Temporal and spatial changes of urban efficiency in the 1990s. Acta GeographicaSinica, 2005, 60(4): 615-625. [李郇, 徐现祥, 陈浩辉. 20 世纪90 年代中国城市效率的时空变化. 地理学报, 2005, 60(4): 615-625.]

[22] Fang Xianzhi, He Jishan. A research on the assessment for constructed land: Hunan as an example. Systems Engineering,2005, 23(9): 74-79. [方先知, 何继善. 建设用地评价体系研究: 以湖南为例. 系统工程, 2005, 23(9): 74-79.]

[23] Shi Chengqiu. The consideration about problems of urban land use in China. City Planning Review, 2000, 24(2):11-15. [石成球. 关于我国城市土地利用问题的思考. 城市规划, 2000, 24(2): 11-15.]

[24] Cai Jie, Sun Yu. Suggestions of improving urban land usage efficiency in China. Journal of Tianjin University ofCommerce, 2001, 21(4): 7-9, 21. [蔡捷, 孙钰. 中国城市土地利用效率提高的若干建议. 天津商学院学报, 2001, 21(4):7-9, 21.]

[25] Liu Chenggang, Gao Guiping, Zhuang Jun, Analysis of urban economic development and land-use efficiency in ShandongProvince. China Economist, 2005, (8): 257-259. [刘成刚, 高桂平, 庄军. 山东省城市经济发展和土地利用效率的实证分析. 经济师, 2005, (8): 257-259.]

[26] Wang Yuqing, Song Ge. The benefits evaluation method and application of urban land use. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2006, 26(6): 743-748. [王雨晴, 宋戈. 城市土地利用综合效益评价与案例研究. 地理科学, 2006, 26(6): 743-748.]

[27] Luo Ganghui, Wu Cifang. Comparative study on urban land use efficiency. Economic Geography, 2003, 23(5):367-392. [罗罡辉, 吴次芳. 城市用地效益的比较研究. 经济地理, 2003 , 23(5): 367-392.]

[28] Li Zhibin. A method on assessment of urban land use efficiency. City Planning Review, 2000, (8): 62-62. [李植斌. 一种城市土地利用效益综合评价方法. 城市规划, 2000, (8): 62-62.]

[29] Yang Kaizhong, Xie Xie. The analysis about DEA-efficiency of China cities' input-output. Geography and TerritorialResearch, 2002, (3): 45-47. [杨开忠, 谢燮. 中国城市投入产出有效性的数据包络分析. 地理学与国土研究, 2002, (3):45-47.]

[30] Zheng Xinqi, Wang Xiaoming. DEA analysis for the efficiency of land use structure in cities and towns. China LandScience, 2004, 18(2): 34-39. [郑新奇, 王筱明. 城镇土地利用结构效率的数据包络分析. 中国土地科学, 2004, 18(2):34-39.]

[31] Wang Xiaoming, Yan Hongwen. DEA method for evaluating the efficiency of the urban land utilization. Journal ofShandong Agricultural University: Natural Science, 2005, 36(4): 573-576. [王筱明, 闰弘文. 城市土地利用效率的DEA评价. 山东农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2005, 36(4): 573-576.]

[32] Song Jitao, Song Jiqiang, Song Dunjiang. Discriminated analysis for the efficiency of urban land use structure. ChinaLand Science, 2006, 20(6): 9-15. [宋吉涛, 宋吉强, 宋敦江. 城市土地利用结构相对效率的判别性分析. 中国土地科学,2006, 20(6): 9-15.]

[33] Huang Yilong, Wang Yanglin, Bu Xinguo et al. Assessment of the land use benefits in a city scale: A case study ofShenzhen. Tropical Geography, 2006, 26(5): 145-150. [黄奕龙, 王仰麟,卜心国等. 城市土地利用综合效益评价: 城际比较. 热带地理, 2006, 26(5): 145-150.]

[34] Wang Qunfang, Li Zhibin. A study of structure and efficiency of urban land use in Hangzhou City. Scientific andTechnological Management of Land and Resources, 2005, 22(4): 4-9. [汪群芳, 李植斌. 杭州市土地利用结构与效率研究. 国土资源科技管理, 2005, 22(4): 4-9.]

[35] Yang Yiming. A preliminary study on the regional expansion and the land-use utility of the metropolis in China. HumanGeography, 2001, 16(2): 53-56. [杨益明. 我国特大城市地域扩展与用地效益的初步研究. 人文地理, 2001, 16(2):53-56.]

[36] Tian Guangjin, Liu Jiyuan, Zhuang Dafang et al. The temporal-spatial characteristics of urban land in china in 1990s byremote sensing and GIS. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(4): 421-427. [田光进, 刘纪远, 庄大方等. 基于遥感与GIS 的20世纪90 年代中国城镇用地时空特征. 第四纪研究, 2003, 23(4): 421-427.]

[37] Liu Jiyuan, Zhuang Dafang, Zhang Zengxiang et al. Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during1995-2000. Science in China: Series D, 2003, 46(4): 373-384.

[38] Brown L. WhoWill Feed China:Wake Up Call for a Small Planet. New York:W.W. Norton and Company, 1995.

[39] Chen Baiming. On the comprehensive productive capacity and food security of future agricultural resources in China.Geographical Research, 2002, 21(3): 294-303. [陈百明. 未来中国的农业资源综合生产能力与食物保障. 地理研究,2002, 21(3): 294-303.]

[40] Feng Zhiming. Future food security and arable land guarantee for population development in China. Population Research,2007, 31(2): 15-29. [封志明. 中国未来人口发展的粮食安全与耕地保障. 人口研究, 2007, 31(2): 15-29.]

[41] Qihao Weng, Hua Liu, Dengsheng Lu. Assessing the effects of land use and land cover patterns on thermal conditionsusing landscape metrics in city of Indianapolis, United States. Urban Ecosyst., 2007, 10: 203-219

[42] Charnes Abraham, William Wager Cooper, Susan X Li. Using data envelopment analysis to evaluate efficiency in theeconomic performance of Chinese cities. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 1989, 23: 325-344.

[43] Wei Quanling. Data Envelop Analysis. Beijing: Science Press, 2004. [魏权龄. 数据包络分析. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004.]

[44] Yu Miao. Data, Model and Decision-making. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002: 196-198. [于淼. 数据、模型与决策. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002: 196-198.]

[45] Mao Hanying. Regional Development and Planning: Theory, Method and Practice. Beijing: The Commercial Press,2008. [毛汉英. 区域发展与区域规划: 理论·方法·实践. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2008.]

[46] Yu Yanshan. Research on fairly city: Size and its efficiency of scale in China's cities & towns. Economic Geography, 2000,20(2): 84-89. [俞燕山. 我国城镇的合理规模及其效率研究. 经济地理, 2000, 20(2): 84-89.]