地理学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (1): 77-88.doi: 10.11821/xb201101008
宫兆宁1,2,3,4, 张翼然1,2,3,4, 宫辉力1,2,3,4, 赵文吉1,2,3,4
收稿日期:
2010-10-08
修回日期:
2010-11-09
出版日期:
2011-01-25
发布日期:
2011-01-25
通讯作者:
张翼然, 女, E-mail: zyiran2005@yahoo.com.cn
作者简介:
宫兆宁, 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要从事湿地遥感监测研究。E-mail: gongzhn@163.com
基金资助:
北京市科技计划项目(D08040600580801); 国际科技合作项目(2010DFA92400)
GONG Zhaoning1,2,3,4, ZHANG Yiran1,2,3,4, GONG Huili1,2,3,4, ZHAOWenji1,2,3,4
Received:
2010-10-08
Revised:
2010-11-09
Online:
2011-01-25
Published:
2011-01-25
Supported by:
Technology Plan Project of Beijing, No.D08040600580801, International S&T Cooperation Project,No.2010DFA92400
摘要: 在遥感和GIS技术的支持下,应用1984-2008 年多时相长时间序列的TM遥感数据,选取斑块总面积、平均面积、分维度、多样性、优势度和聚集度等具有典型生态意义的景观格局指数,对北京湿地20 多年的湿地景观格局演变特征进行分析,探索其演变机制。结果表明:北京湿地总面积在总体上呈先增加后急剧减少再小幅回升的趋势,1994 年的湿地总面积仅为2004 年的47.37%。北京湿地以人工湿地为主,其变化主导着湿地总面积的变化趋势。水库湖泊湿地类型面积占到33.50%~53.73%,其平均面积高于其他湿地类型。坑塘稻田类型的平均面积最小,其面积比例为16.46%~45.09%。河流湿地由于受到自然驱动因子作用较大,其分维度指数高于人工湿地类型;1992-2004 年湿地景观多样性指数由1.11 上升到1.34,表明此阶段各类型所占面积比例分布趋于均匀,而聚集度指数从65.59 下降到58.41,表明景观连通性降低,破碎化程度加重。研究不同湿地类型空间质心变化表明:密云水库面积最大,导致水库湖泊类型质心位于密云县内;1984-1998 年充足的降水使河流湿地质心整体向东北方向偏移了10.43 km,1999-2006 年,连续干旱和大量不合理的开采利用,河流湿地质心向西南部偏移了10.75 km;由于受“退稻还旱”政策影响,使得北部地区的水稻种植面积减小,坑塘稻田湿地质心2006 年以后向南偏移;市区北部兴建的奥林匹克森林公园,使2008年公园湿地质心向海淀区北部偏移。
宫兆宁, 张翼然, 宫辉力, 赵文吉. 北京湿地景观格局演变特征与驱动机制分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(1): 77-88.
GONG Zhaoning, ZHANG Yiran, GONG Huili, ZHAOWenji. Evolution of Wetland Landscape Pattern and Its Driving Factors in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(1): 77-88.
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