地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (7): 888-895.doi: 10.11821/xb200907013

• 论文 • 上一篇    

贵州高原复杂地形下月平均日最高气温分布式模拟

袁淑杰1, 2,  谷晓平2,  缪启龙3,  康为民2,  于飞2,  邱新法3   

  1. 1. 河北省气候中心，石家庄 050021；
    2. 贵州省山地气候与资源重点实验室，贵阳 550002；
    3. 南京信息工程大学江苏省气象灾害重点实验室，南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2009-03-14 修回日期:2009-04-02 出版日期:2009-07-25 发布日期:2010-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 谷晓平, E-mail: guxiaoping68@sina.com
  • 作者简介:袁淑杰 (1966-), 女, 河北抚宁人, 副教授, 主要研究方向地理信息系统应用、气候与环境。 E-mail: yuanshujie@yeah.net
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金 (40765004); 贵州省社会发展攻关项目[SZ[2008]3019] ; 贵州省自然科学基金(2005J2086)、贵州省优秀科技人才省长专项基金(2005Z92)

Distributed Simulation of Monthly Mean Daily Maximum Temperature over Complex Terrains on Guizhou Plateau

YUAN Shujie1, 2,  GU Xiaoping2,  MIAO Qilong3,  KANG Weimin2,  YU Fei2,  QIU Xinfa3   

  1. 1. Climate center of Hebei province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;
    2. Guizhou key laboratory of mountounious climate and resources, Guiyang 550002, China;
    3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,
    Nanjing 210044, China
  • Received:2009-03-14 Revised:2009-04-02 Online:2009-07-25 Published:2010-04-21
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40765004; Programs for Social Development of Guizhou Province, No.SZ[2008]3019 ;Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province; Provincial Governor Special foundation for Excellent Science and Technology Talents of Guizhou Province

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摘要：

在前人研究的基础上，对以前的模型进行改进，考虑了坡度、坡向和地形相互遮蔽作用对复杂地形下天文辐射的影响，基于数字高程模型 (DEM)数据，建立以天文辐射为起始数据的复杂地形下月平均日最高气温的分布式模型，在模型中考虑了海拔高度、复杂地形下太阳总辐射、日照百分率对月平均日最高气温的影响。以贵州高原为例，应用100m×100m分辨率的DEM数据，1960-2000年贵州省及周边102个气象站常规气象要素观测资料以及NOAA-AVHRR观测资料，10个气象站的太阳辐射量资料，计算了贵州高原各月及年平均日最高气温精细空间分布。结果表明：(1) 坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽对月平均日最高气温的影响较大，由于局地地形因子的影响，复杂地形下月平均日最高气温的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征，局地地形对月平均日最高气温的影响是不容忽视的。(2) 季节不同，局地地形因子对复杂地形下月平均日最高气温空间分布的影响不同，冬半年大于夏半年。月平均日最高气温随海拔高度的增加而降低。南坡随坡度的增大而升高；北坡随坡度的增大而降低。在坡向影响上，1-5月、10-12月偏北坡月平均日最高气温偏低，偏南坡月平均日最高气温偏高；7-8月因太阳高度较高，因此出现相反的情况，北坡高于南坡。

关键词: 月平均日最高气温, 复杂地形, 数字高程模型, 分布式模拟, 贵州高原

Abstract:

Mean daily maximum temperature (MDMT) is one of major indexes of heat resource. The previous models have been improved in this paper on the basis of previous studies. The influence of slope, aspect, and terrain inter-shielding on astronomical solar radiation over complex terrains (CT) is considered, and a distributed model, based on astronomical solar radiation over CT and the elevation height, the global solar radiation over CT, the sunshine percentage, for calculating monthly MDMT over CT is developed. Using this model, the elaborate distribution of monthly MDMT with a resolution of 100m×100m is generated by a DEM, meteorological observations data at 102 weather stations of the Guizhou province and surrounding area, observations data of NOAA-AVHRR and solar radiation data of 10 weather stations. The results are as follows: (1) The influence of the slope, aspect and terrain inter-shielding on spatial distribution of monthly MDMT is great. Due to the influence of local terrain factors, the spatial distribution of monthly MDMT over CT on Guizhou Plateau has obvious terrain distributing feature, and the effect of CT on monthly MDMT should be considered. (2) The effect of local terrain factors on spatial distribution of monthly MDMT over CT is different in different seasons, and it is greater in winter half year than in summer half year. The monthly MDMT decreases with the rise of above sea level. It increases with the slope accretion (decrease) on south (north)-central face of the mountain. The monthly MDMT increases from north-central face to south-central face of the mountain, and they are the highest (lowest) on south (north)-central face of the mountain from January to May and from October to December. It is opposite in July and August because of high solar altitude angle.

Key words: monthly mean daily maximum temperature, complex terrains, digital elevation model, distributed simulation, Guizhou Plateau