1949 年以来兰州城市资本密度空间变化及其机制

doi:10.11821/xb200902006

地理学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (2): 189-201.doi: 10.11821/xb200902006

1949 年以来兰州城市资本密度空间变化及其机制

杨永春¹, 伍俊辉^1,2, 杨晓娟¹, 侯利¹, 李志勇¹, 向发敏¹

1. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 西部环境教育部重点实验室, 兰州730000;
2. 四川省城乡规划设计研究院, 成都610000

收稿日期:2008-01-19 修回日期:2008-09-30 出版日期:2009-02-25 发布日期:2010-08-03
作者简介:杨永春(1969-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 中国地理学会会员, 主要研究方向为城市与区域发展与规划, 现已发表相关领域的文章50 余篇, 出版著作2 部。E-mail: yangych@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40771064); 教育部新世纪优秀人才计划和兰州大学引进人才基金

Spatial Variation and Its Mechanism of Lanzhou's Capital Density from 1949 to 2005

YANG Yong-chun¹, WU Jun-hui^1,2, YANG Xiao-juan¹, HOU Li¹, LI Zhi-yong¹, XIANG Fa-min¹

1. Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, School of Resource and Environmental Science,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Sichuan Institute of Urban Planning and Design, Chengdu 610000, China

Received:2008-01-19 Revised:2008-09-30 Online:2009-02-25 Published:2010-08-03
Supported by:
National Natural Science Fundation of China, No.40771064; Project for Talented People of the Ministry of Education of China in the 21st Century; New Lanzhou University Foundation for Talents

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建了计划经济体制和中国转型期城市资本密度空间分布理论模型, 并以兰州市为例进行了实证。利用高精度卫星影象和大规模实地调查方法获取数据, 采用GIS 手段和数理统计方法, 利用建筑高度指标, 分区、分行业对兰州城市资本密度空间变化进行了深入研究。同时, 采用资本存量增量(或增长率)/ 建成区面积增量(或增长率) 的指标衡量资本角度的城市紧凑化程度, 研究了城市紧凑化变动过程。结果表明： ① 中国计划经济体制下的城市资本空间密度为缓慢波动下降或均衡分布规律, 甚至出现上升趋势。转轨期(中国)城市资本空间密度由中心到外围的相应规律则居于两者之间, 存在向市场经济空间模型靠近的趋势; ② 中国城市计划经济体制下的用地空间由中心到外围呈现商务→住宅→工业→农业的模式, 而转轨期依然基本保留了此特征; ③ 转轨期的建筑高度提高速度存在加速趋势, 住宅、商业、办公等类建筑高度明显高于计划时期, 其空间分布模型也更接近市场经济体制模型; ④ 从资本视角审视, 中国城市将更加紧凑化, 且随时间的推移, 城市资本密度空间变化曲线大致存在较为明显的“雁行波动上升式” 规律。

关键词: 兰州市, 资本密度, 建筑容积率, 空间分布

Abstract:

We obtained data by using high-accuracy images and doing large-scale field surveys, and then analyzed indexes of building height by using GIS and mathematical methods to research into the variation of capital densities by districts and by callings in the city of Lanzhou. Moreover, we measured degree of city compactness by the ratio of increment of capital stock to increment of built-up area in the perspective of capital, and then research into the changing process of compact trend in Lanzhou. Results are drawn as follows: (1) Capital densities in cities decline notably from center to periphery under market economic system, however, those in Chinese cities decline slowly or are distributed evenly under planned economic system, even there are increasing trends. What's more, the mode of spatial distribution of capital density in Chinese cities during the transitional period is between these two foregoing modes and it is closer and closer to the mode in market economy. (2) Under planned economic system, land use in Chinese cities show a mode of commerce, residence, industry and agriculture from center to periphery, which is different from the mode of commerce, industry, residence, agriculture from center to periphery under market economic system. (3) It is hackneyed that high or low buildings are distributed in zones where most buildings are low or high, and this phenomenon is related to different development modes among units since the implementation of the reform and opening up started in 1978 and the factors such as market economic system cannot exert great impact on land exchange and land use transform. (4) Heights of residential, commercial and office buildings during transitional period are notably higher than those during planned economic period and the mode of spatial distribution is closer to the mode under market economic system, which is notably related to high degree of marketization. (5) In view of capital, if the phenomena of land use deflation and severe authorization policy do not change substantively, Chinese cities will be more and more compact. Moreover, as time passes by, spatial change curve of capital densities in Chinese cities shows a notable regulation of undulation raise like flying-geese, moreover, the increasing rate of building height is also in the speedup way.

Key words: Lanzhou, capital density, floor-area ratio of buildings, spatial distribution

杨永春, 伍俊辉, 杨晓娟, 侯利, 李志勇, 向发敏. 1949 年以来兰州城市资本密度空间变化及其机制[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(2): 189-201.

YANG Yong-chun, WU Jun-hui, YANG Xiao-juan,HOU Li, LI Zhi-yong, XIANG Fa-min. Spatial Variation and Its Mechanism of Lanzhou's Capital Density from 1949 to 2005[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(2): 189-201.

参考文献

[1] Kevin Fox Gotham. Tourism gentrification: The case of New Orleans' Vieux Carre (French Quarter). Urban Studies,2005, 42(7): 1099-1121.

[2] Armando Bazzani, Bruno Giorgini, Graziano Servizi et al. A chronotopic model of mobility in urban spaces. Physical A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2003, 325(3/4): 517-530.

[3] Lourdes Diaz Olvera, Didier Plat, Pascal Pochet. Transportation conditions and access to services in a context of urban sprawl and deregulation: The case of Dares Salaam. Transport Policy, 2003, 10(4): 287-298.

[4] Bin Jiang, Christophe Claramunt, Bjirn Klarqvist. Integration of space syntax into GIS for modelling urban spaces. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2000, 2(3/4): 161-171.

[5] Qing Shen. Spatial technologies, accessibility, and the social construction of urban space. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 1998, 22(5): 447-464.

[6] He Chunyang, Shi Peijun, Chen Jin et al. The research on land use model based on systematic dynamics model and CA model. Science in China (Series D), 2005, 35(5): 464-473.
[何春阳, 史培军, 陈晋等. 基于系统动力学模型和元胞自动机模型的土地利用情景模型研究. 中国科学(D 辑), 2005, 35(5): 464-473]

[7] Kang Wenhui, Zhang Shuwen, Zhang Yangzhen et al. The analysis on Changchun's land use expanding mechanism from 1900. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(5): 841-850.
[匡文慧, 张树文, 张养贞等. 1900 年以来长春市土地利用空间扩张机理分析. 地理学报, 2005, 60(5): 841-850.]

[8] Liu Shenghe, Wu Chuanjun, Shen Hongquan. The model on land use expanding of Peking based on GIS. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000, 55(4): 407-416.
[刘盛和, 吴传钧, 沈洪泉. 基于GIS 的北京城市土地利用扩展模式. 地理学报, 2000, 55(4): 407-416.]

[9] Zhang Wenzhong, Wang C huansheng, Lu Kuang et al. Coupling relationship between land use change and Industrialization and urbanization in the Zhujiang River Delta. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5): 677-685.
[张文忠, 王传胜, 吕旷等. 珠江三角洲土地利用变化与工业化和城市化的耦合关系. 地理学报, 2003, 58(5): 677-685.]

[10] Li Xia, Yeh Anthony Gar-On. Cellular automata for simulating complex land use systems using neural networks. Geographical Research, 2005, 24(1): 19-27.
[黎夏, 叶嘉安. 基于神经网络的元胞自动机及模拟复杂土地利用系统.地理研究, 2005, 24(1): 19-27.]

[11] Feng Jian. Spatial-temporal evolution of urban morphology and land use structure in Hangzhou. Acta GeographicaSinica, 2003, 58(3): 343-353.
[冯健. 杭州城市形态和土地利用结构的时空演化. 地理学报, 2003, 58(3): 343-353.]

[12] Shi Peijun, Chen Jin, Pan Yaozhong. Analysis on the mechanism of land use in Shenzhen. Acta Geographica Sinica,2000, 55(2): 151-160.
[史培军, 陈晋, 潘耀忠. 深圳市土地利用变化机制分析. 地理学报, 2000, 55(2): 151-160.]

[13] Zhang Liquan, Wu Jianping, Zhen Yu et al. A GIS-based gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern of Shanghai metropolitan area, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004, 69(1): 1-16.

[14] Sudhira H S, Ramachandra T V, Jagadish K S. Urban sprawl: Metrics, dynamics and modelling using GIS.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2004, 5(1): 29-39.

[15] Yan Xiaopei, Mao Jiangxing. The mutual relationship between urban transport system and land use in high-densely developed cities: A case study of Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(5): 643-652.
[闫小培, 毛蒋兴. 高密度开发城市的交通与土地利用互动关系: 以广州为例. 地理学报, 2004, 59(5): 643-652.]

[16] Yeh Anthony Gar-On. Economic structural transform and land use planning in Hongkong. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 52(suppl.): 39-51.
[叶嘉安. 香港的经济结构转型与土地利用规划. 地理学报, 1997, 52(增刊): 39-51.]

[17] Yan Xiaopei, Mao Jiangxing, Pu Jun. Research on the human dimensions of land use changes in the mega-urban region: A case study of the Pearl River Delta. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(6): 613-623.
[闫小培, 毛蒋兴, 普军.巨型城市区域土地利用变化的人文因素分析: 以珠江三角洲地区为例. 地理学报, 2006, 61(6): 613-623.]

[18] Qing Shen. Spatial technologies, accessibility, and the social construction of urban space. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 1998, 22(5): 447-464.

[19] Wang Xingzhong. The relationship between land use and society power of inland key cities in China: A case study of Xi'an. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1998, 53(suppl.): 175-185.
[王兴中. 中国内陆大城市土地利用与社会权力因素的关系: 以西安为例. 地理学报, 1998, 53(增刊): 175-185.]

[20] Gu Chaolin, Zhen Feng, Zhang Jingxiang. Convergency and Pervation: A New Theory of Urban Spatial Structure.Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2000. 3-20.
[顾朝林, 甄峰, 张京祥. 集聚与扩散: 城市空间结构新论. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2000. 3-20.]

[21] Véronique Dupont. Socio-spatial differentiation and residential segregation in Delhi: A question of scale. Geoforum,2004, 35(2): 157-175.

[22] Antrop M. Landscape change and the urbanization process in Europe. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004, 67(1):9-26.

[23] Yang Qingsheng, Li Xia. Mining transition rules for geo-simulation using rough sets. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(8): 882-894.
[杨青生, 黎夏. 基于粗集的知识发现与地理模拟: 以深圳市土地利用变化为例. 地理学报, 2006, 61 (8): 882-894.]

[24] Ding Chengri. Managing urban growth for efficiency in infrastructure provision: Dynamic capital expansion and urban growth boundary model. Ph. D. Dissertation, 1996.

[25] Mills E S. An aggregative model of resource allocation in a metropolitan area. American Economic Review, 1967, 57: 197-210.

[26] Muth R F. Cities and Housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969. 3-21.

[27] Alonso W. Location and Land Use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964. 7-53

[28] Bruechner Jan. The structure of urban equilibria: A unified treatment of the Muth-Mills Model. In: Mills E S (ed.).Handbook of Reginal and Urban Econimics, Vol. II. Elsevier Science Publisher B V, 1987. 13-50

[29] Ding Chengri. Spatial structure and city competitiveness. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(suppl.): 85-92.
[ 丁成日.空间结构与城市竞争力. 地理学报, 2004, 59(增刊): 85-92.]

[30] Ding Chengri. Is the population density of Chinese cities high? City Planning Review, 2004, (8): 43-48.
[丁成日. 中国城市的人口密度高吗? 城市规划, 2004, (8): 43-48.]

[31] Yang Yongchun, Wang Yiming. The research on territory structure of valley-city in the western China. Areal Researchand Development, 2000, 19(4): 58-61.
[杨永春, 汪一鸣. 中国西部河谷型城市地域结构及其外部形态研究. 地域研究与开发, 2000, 19(4): 58-61.]

[32] Yang Yongchun, Meng Caihong et al. The analysis about the change of land-use in Lanzhou by GIS. Journal of Mountain Research, 2005, 23(2): 174-184.
[杨永春, 孟彩红等. 基于GIS 的兰州城市用地变化分析. 山地学报, 2005, 23(2): 174-184.]

1949 年以来兰州城市资本密度空间变化及其机制

Spatial Variation and Its Mechanism of Lanzhou's Capital Density from 1949 to 2005

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	王建邦, 赵军, 李传华, 朱钰, 康重阳, 高超. 2001-2015年中国植被覆盖人为影响的时空格局[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 504-519.
[2]	裴韬, 刘亚溪, 郭思慧, 舒华, 杜云艳, 马廷, 周成虎. 地理大数据挖掘的本质[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 586-598.
[3]	董锁成,杨洋,李富佳,程昊,李静楠,BILGAEVAlexey,李泽红,李宇. 中蒙俄高铁建设的影响机理及对策[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(2): 297-311.
[4]	韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平. 北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(2): 219-231.
[5]	马帅,盛煜,曹伟,吴吉春,胡晓莹,王生廷. 黄河源区多年冻土空间分布变化特征数值模拟[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(9): 1621-1633.
[6]	朱鹤,刘家明,桑子文,魏文栋,魏宗财. 民族文化资源的类型特征及成因分析——以格萨尔（果洛）文化生态保护实验区为例[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(6): 1118-1132.
[7]	张延吉,张磊,吴凌燕. 流动商贩的空间分布特征及与正规商业的分布关系——基于距离测度方法的数量研究[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4): 618-632.
[8]	贺祥,林振山,刘会玉,齐相贞. 基于灰色关联模型对江苏省PM_2.5浓度影响因素的分析[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(7): 1119-1129.
[9]	姜蓝齐,张丽娟,臧淑英,张学珍. 清末耕地空间分布格局重建方法比较[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(4): 625-635.
[10]	宁晓菊, 张丽君, 杨群涛, 秦耀辰. 1951年以来中国无霜期的变化趋势[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(11): 1811-1822.
[11]	王占山,李云婷,陈添,张大伟,孙峰,潘丽波. 2013年北京市PM_2.5的时空分布[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(1): 110-120.
[12]	孙斌栋, 魏旭红. 上海都市区就业—人口空间结构演化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(6): 747-758.
[13]	王欢, 郝志新, 郑景云. 1750-2010年强火山喷发事件的时空分布特征[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(1): 134-140.
[14]	毛琦梁, 董锁成, 王菲, 李俊. 中国省区间制造业空间格局演变[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(4): 435-448.
[15]	胡豪然, 梁玲. 近50年青藏高原东部冬季积雪的时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(11): 1493-1503.