广西环江流域硫污染农田的土壤酸化与酸性土壤分布

doi:10.11821/xb200811007

地理学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (11): 1179-1188.doi: 10.11821/xb200811007

广西环江流域硫污染农田的土壤酸化与酸性土壤分布

王莉霞^1,2, 陈同斌¹, 宋波¹, 雷梅¹, 翟丽梅¹, 廖晓勇¹, 刘艳青¹

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所环境修复中心, 北京100101;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京100049

收稿日期:2008-05-04 修回日期:2008-07-07 出版日期:2008-11-25 发布日期:2008-11-25
通讯作者: 陈同斌, 研究员, 博导. E-mail: chentb@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:王莉霞(1979-), 博士, 主要从事矿山土壤酸化修复治理方面研究。
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划重点项目(2007AA061001)

Spatial Distribution of Acid Soils in the Huanjiang River Valley, Guangxi

WANG Lixia^1,2, CHEN Tongbin¹, SONG Bo¹, LEI Mei¹, ZHAI Limei¹, LIAO Xiaoyong¹, LIU Yanqin¹

1. Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2008-05-04 Revised:2008-07-07 Online:2008-11-25 Published:2008-11-25
Supported by:
National High-tech R&D Program, No. 2007AA061001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矿业活动通过多种途径将矿石中伴生的还原态硫带入土壤而导致周边土壤酸化，是目前矿山周边普遍面临的重要环境问题。本文以广西环江为例，探寻大面积农田酸化的原因和酸度分布特征。研究结果表明：矿物组成分析(X-ray)、硫形态分析(EXAFS) 和同位素分析结果表明：环江农田土壤酸化的原因是洪水携带含硫尾砂进入农田，还原态硫氧化产酸导致土壤酸化。由于矿渣中还原态硫的污染，受污染土壤的酸度、铁和硫的浓度显著高于未受矿渣污染的土壤。大环江沿岸出现不同的污染特征：上游土壤的Fe， SO₄^2- (SS)和St 含量较高，但土壤尚未发生明显酸化；中下游农田土壤H⁺ 和SO₄ ^2- 含量较高，土壤发生明显的酸化现象，还存在继续酸化的风险。土壤受还原态硫污染后，如果将旱地改为水田，则可以降低土壤还原态硫的氧化速度和减缓酸化速度。

关键词: 矿业活动, 农田, 表层土壤, 酸化, 广西, 环江

Abstract:

The reducible sulfur associated ore was brought into soil in many ways, which will further acidify its surrounding area. In the Huanjiang River of Guangxi, more than 600 hm2 of farmland have been acidified, so the formation of soil acidification and the distribution characteristics of acidity were studied. The chemical analysis results showed that soil acidification came from oxygenation of reducible sulfur. Based on the results from mineral (X-ray), sulfur speciation (EXAFS) and Pb isotope analysis, the cause for the formation of soil acidification can be found out: In 2001, the flood destroyed the tailing dam located in the upstream of the Huanjiang River, and carried the tailing into farmland, so the reducible sulfur in tailings was oxygenated into H⁺after a certain period of time. The area on both banks of the Huanjiang River was all affected by flooding, which should be given more attention. The spatial variabilities of pH, St, SO₄^2- (Ss), TAA, TPA and Fe in the investigated area were very large, but the contents of acidity, iron and sulfur in flooded soil were much higher than those in the unflooded soil. The soil near mining sites was not acidified because of secondary pollution by alkaline tailings, but has potential acidification risk; while the soil in mid- and down-stream of the river had been acidified more or less, and most soil still has potential acidification probability. It is supposed that acid pollution was more serious in dry soil than in paddy soil, so converting dry land into paddy land could decrease the oxidative rate of reducible sulfur.

Key words: mining activity, farmland, topsoil, soil acidification, Guangxi, Huanjiang River

王莉霞,陈同斌,宋波,雷梅,翟丽梅,廖晓勇,刘艳青. 广西环江流域硫污染农田的土壤酸化与酸性土壤分布[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(11): 1179-1188.

WANG Lixia, CHEN Tongbin, SONG Bo, LEI Mei,ZHAI Limei, LIAO Xiaoyong, LIU Yanqin. Spatial Distribution of Acid Soils in the Huanjiang River Valley, Guangxi[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(11): 1179-1188.

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广西环江流域硫污染农田的土壤酸化与酸性土壤分布

Spatial Distribution of Acid Soils in the Huanjiang River Valley, Guangxi

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