纳木错流域近30 年来湖泊 — 冰川变化对气候的响应

doi:10.11821/xb200703007

地理学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 301-310.doi: 10.11821/xb200703007

纳木错流域近30 年来湖泊 — 冰川变化对气候的响应

吴艳红^1,2, 朱立平³, 叶庆华³, 王立本⁴

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京100101;
2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京100039;
3. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京100085;
4. 山东师范大学人口·资源与环境学院, 济南250014

收稿日期:2006-07-25 修回日期:2007-01-26 出版日期:2007-03-25 发布日期:2007-03-25
作者简介:吴艳红(27 岁), 女, 博士生, 全球变化与第四纪环境专业。E-mail: wuyh.04b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB422002); 国家自然科学基金项目(40331006; 40571172); 中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX3-SW-339) 资助

The Response of Lake-Glacier Ar ea Change to Climate Variations in Namco Basin, Central Tibetan Plateau, dur ing the Last Three Decades

WU Yanhong^1,2, ZHU Liping³, YE Qinghua³, WANG Liben⁴

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100085, China;
4. College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

Received:2006-07-25 Revised:2007-01-26 Online:2007-03-25 Published:2007-03-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40331006; No.40571172; Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX3-SW-339

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1970 航测地形图和1991、2000 年两期卫星影像数据, 人工建立数字高程模型 (DEM), 解译不同时期的湖泊、冰川边界, 在GIS 技术支持下采用图谱的方法, 定量分析了湖泊、冰川的面积变化情况。结果表明, 自1970~2000 年期间, 纳木错湖面面积从1941.64 km² 增加到1979.79 km², 增加的速率为1.27 km²/a; 流域内冰川的面积从167.62 km² 减少到141.88 km², 退缩速率为0.86 km²/a。其中, 湖面面积在1991~2000 年的增加速率为1.76 km²/a, 明显大于其在1970~1991 年的1.03 km²/a; 而冰川面积在1991~2000 年的退缩速率为 0.97 km²/a, 明显大于其在1970~1991 年的0.80 km²/a。对比该流域前后两个时期的气温、降水和蒸发变化, 发现升温幅度的增加是冰川加速退缩的根本原因, 而湖面的加速扩张主要受冰川的加剧退缩及其引起的融水增加影响, 但与区域降水量略微增加和蒸发量显著减少也具有密切联系。区域降水增加和蒸发减少及其与湖面扩张之间的内在联系仍是一个需要深入探讨的问题。

关键词: 青藏高原, 纳木错, 湖泊, 冰川, 遥感

Abstract:

Based upon the 1970 aero-photo topographic map and TM/ETM satellite images taken in 1976, 1991 and 2000, the authors artificially interpret boundary of lake water and glaciers and calculate their areas in different stages with the support of GIS. Results show that from 1970 to 2000, lake area increased from 1941.64 km² to 1979.79 km² with a rate of 1.27 km²/a, while glacier area decreased from 167.62 km² to 141.88 km² with a rate of 0.86 km²/a. The increased rate of lake area in 1991-2000 was 1.76 km²/a that was faster than 1.03 km²/a in 1970-1991, while in the same period of time, the shrinking rates of glaciers area were 0.97 km²/a and 0.80 km²/a respectively. Climatic factors such as air temperature, precipitation, maximum possible evaporation and their values in warm seasons and cold seasons over the past 30 years are analyzed with linkage of the lake and glaciers variations. The results suggest that temperature increasing is the main reason for accelerated melting of glaciers. Lake area enlargement is mainly induced from the increase of glacier melting water, while slight increase of precipitation and obvious decrease of evaporation are also important factors. Regional precipitation and evaporation and their linkages with lake area enlargement need to be thoroughly studied under the global warming and glaciers retreating.

Key words: Tibetan Plateau, Namco Basin, lake, glacier, remote sensing

吴艳红, 朱立平, 叶庆华, 王立本. 纳木错流域近30 年来湖泊 — 冰川变化对气候的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2007, 62(3): 301-310.

WU Yanhong, ZHU Liping, YE Qinghua, WANG Liben. The Response of Lake-Glacier Ar ea Change to Climate Variations in Namco Basin, Central Tibetan Plateau, dur ing the Last Three Decades[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(3): 301-310.

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纳木错流域近30 年来湖泊 — 冰川变化对气候的响应

The Response of Lake-Glacier Ar ea Change to Climate Variations in Namco Basin, Central Tibetan Plateau, dur ing the Last Three Decades

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