拉萨河冬季径流对气候变暖和冻土退化的响应

doi:10.11821/xb200605008

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 519-526.doi: 10.11821/xb200605008

拉萨河冬季径流对气候变暖和冻土退化的响应

巩同梁^1,2, 刘昌明^1,3, 刘景时⁴

1. 北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京 100081;
2. 西藏自治区水利规划勘测设计研究院,拉萨 850000;
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;
4. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京 100085

收稿日期:2006-01-22 修回日期:2006-04-02 出版日期:2006-05-25 发布日期:2006-05-25
作者简介:巩同梁 (1965-),男,山东淄博人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为水资源水环境。 E-mail: swgtl2005@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40561002); 中国科学院院长基金项目; 国家科技攻关计划项目(2005BA901A11)

Hydrological Response of Lhasa River to Climate Change and Permafrost Degradation in Xizang

GONG Tongliang^1,2, LIU Changming^1,3, LIU Jingshi⁴

1. Institute of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Institute of Water Resources, Tibetan Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China;
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Beijing 100101, China;
4. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100085, China

Received:2006-01-22 Revised:2006-04-02 Online:2006-05-25 Published:2006-05-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40561002; President Foundation of CAS; National Key Project of Science and Technology of China, No.2005BA901A11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

20世纪90年代以来,拉萨河流域的气温经历了10年升高0.54 ^oC的气候变暖,这期间以秋冬季升温为主。在近40年 (1963~2004年) 气候和28年 (1976~2004年) 月径流数据的基础上,研究了具有多年冻土的高海拔拉萨河流域的冻土和水文响应。结果表明,冬季径流对11~2月气温升高具有显著响应,在12~2月份增加了16%,其中2月份增加22%。水热相关分析表明,10~11月地表温度升高0.8~0.9 ^oC导致冬季河流水量增多,介于0.9~1.5m深度的季节冻土深度和温度变化导致了径流量变化的响应。20世纪90年代的气候变暖使得多年冻土区的季节冻土深度萎缩了大约14cm,冻土区的冬季径流水文响应比气温更快、更显著。但冻土积雪观测的不足使冬季水文变化具有不确定性。

关键词: 拉萨河, 冻土, Mann-Kendall检验, 气温, 冬季径流

Abstract:

Air temperature in the Lhasa River basin has increased by 0.54^oC since 1990, particularly in winter and autumn, while precipitation did not increase in the same period. Based on climatological data of (1963-2003) and monthly runoff data of 28 years (1976-2004), the hydrological and ge^oCryological response to the climate change was studied. The significant response to the temperature rising from the winter streamflow during November to February was detected, winter streamflow during December to February increased by 16% and in February by 22%. Correlation analysis between water flow and temperature indicated that the rise in temperature in ^oCtober and November by 0.8-0.9^oC resulted in the increase in winter streamflow, the seasonal frost at depth of 0.9-1.5 m became thinner comparing with that before the 1990s, the thickness decreased by about 14 cm. The hydrological response from winter flow in a permafrost basin is more sensitive and quicker than that of air temperature. There are un-certainties due to the lack of both soil frost and snowfall survey on the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Lhasa River, permafrost, winter streamflow, Mann-Kendall test, correlation

巩同梁, 刘昌明, 刘景时. 拉萨河冬季径流对气候变暖和冻土退化的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(5): 519-526.

GONG Tongliang, LIU Changming, LIU Jingshi. Hydrological Response of Lhasa River to Climate Change and Permafrost Degradation in Xizang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(5): 519-526.

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拉萨河冬季径流对气候变暖和冻土退化的响应

Hydrological Response of Lhasa River to Climate Change and Permafrost Degradation in Xizang

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