地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 471-481.doi: 10.11821/xb200605003

• 流域环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

典型岩溶农业区地下水质与土地利用变化分析——以云南小江流域为例

蒋勇军1,2, 袁道先1,2,4, 谢世友1, 李林立1,2, 张贵3, 何绕生3   

  1. 1. 西南大学资源与环境科学学院,重庆 400715;
    2. 西南大学岩溶环境与石漠化治理研究所,重庆 400715;
    3. 云南省地质调查院,昆明 650041;
    4. 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 国土资源部岩溶动力学开放研究实验室,桂林 541000
  • 收稿日期:2005-11-28 修回日期:2006-02-18 出版日期:2006-05-25 发布日期:2006-05-25
  • 作者简介:蒋勇军 (1968-), 男, 湖南益阳人, 副教授, 博士, 主要从事资源环境与GIS应用等方面的研究。 E-mail: jiangjyj@swu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    西南大学博士基金项目(SWNUB2005035); 西南大学自然地理学重点学科开放基金项目(250-411109); 重庆市科委项目(20027534; 20048258); 国土资源部项目(200310400024)

The Groundwater Quality and Land Use Change in a Typical Karst Agricultural Region: A Case Study of Xiaojiang Watershed, Yunnan

JIANG Yongjun1,2, YUAN Daoxian1,2,4, XIE Shiyou1, LI Linli1,2, ZHANG Gui3, HE Raosheng3   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    2. Research Institute of Karst Environment and Rocky Desert Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    3. Institute of Geology Investigation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650041, China;
    4. Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Karst Dynamics Laboratory, MLR, Guilin 541004, China
  • Received:2005-11-28 Revised:2006-02-18 Online:2006-05-25 Published:2006-05-25
  • Supported by:

    Doctorate Foundation of Southwest University, No.SWNUB2005035; Open Foundation of Physical Geography of Southwest University, No.250-411109; Foundation of Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing, No.20027534; No.20048258; The project of Ministry of Land and Resources, No.200310400024

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摘要：

以云南省泸西县小江典型岩溶农业流域为研究单元,利用1982和2004的地下水质数据及1982的航片和2004年的TM影像,在GIS支持下,研究其20年来的地下水质的时空变化及原因。结果表明：20年来流域地下水质在时间、空间分布上均发生较大的变化;流域耕地扩张和大量化肥、农药使用带来的非点源污染,造成地下水中的NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、NO2-、Cl- 离子含量及pH值、总硬度、总碱度明显升高并超标,而林地减少或林地质量的下降,土地发生石漠化时,地下水中的Ca2+、HCO3- 浓度明显降低,同时,地下水各指标的空间变化与土地利用空间格局的变化表现出动态一致性。

关键词: 地下水质, 土地利用, 岩溶农业区, GIS, 小江流域

Abstract:

The present study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of groundwater quality from 1982 to 2004 in Xiaojiang watershed, Yunnan, Southwest China. The results indicate: (1) There were obvious temporal and spatial changes of groundwater quality in Xiaojing watershed from 1982 to 2004. The total hardness, total alkalinity, pH, Mg2+, NH4+, SO42-, Cl-, NO3- and NO2- of the groundwater increased significantly, but the Ca2+ and HCO3- showed an obvious declining trend during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed. Furthermore, the concentrations of NH4+, NO3- and NO2- of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standards in 2004. (2) The total land transformed covers 610.12 km2, of which 134.29 km2 of forestland were transformed into cultivated land, and 210 km2/sup> of unused land was transformed into cultivated land, and the construction land increased by 71.8% during the past 20 years in Xiaojiang watershed. (3) The groundwater quality change is related to the non-point pollution of massive use of fertilizers and pesticides due to the expansion of cultivated land and the deterioration of eco-environment bought by the worsening of forestland quality. As forestland and unused land transformed into cultivated land, the total hardness, total alkalinity, pH, and the concentrations of NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, and Cl- in the groundwater increased significantly, but the concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3- in the groundwater declined obviously.

Key words: groundwater, land use, GIS, karst agricultural region, Xiaojiang watershed