长江来沙锐减与海岸滩涂资源的危机

doi:10.11821/xb200603007

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 282-288.doi: 10.11821/xb200603007

长江来沙锐减与海岸滩涂资源的危机

李明, 杨世伦, 李鹏, 刘哲, 戴仕宝, 郜昂, 张经

华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海 200062

收稿日期:2005-12-02 修回日期:2006-01-04 出版日期:2006-03-25 发布日期:2006-03-25
通讯作者: 杨世伦 E-mail: slyang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:李明(1978-), 女, 山东肥城人, 硕士生, 主要从事河口海岸环境研究。 E-mail: swnoo@eyou.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目 (40576043); 国家973项目课题 (2002CB412407) 和上海市科委项目 (04DZ19305; 04DZ12049) 部分成果

Drastic Decrease in Sediment Supply from Yangtze River and Coastal Crisis

LI Ming, YANG Shilun, LI Peng, LIU Zhe, DAI Shibao, GAO Ang, ZHANG Jing

State Key Lab of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2005-12-02 Revised:2006-01-04 Online:2006-03-25 Published:2006-03-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40576043; National 973 Project, No.2002CB412407; Project of Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology, No.04DZ19305; No.04DZ12049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用小波分析方法对1951~2004年大通站系列水、沙和流域降水资料进行周期性和趋势性分析,利用Arc-GIS软件对长江三角洲海图进行滩涂面积计算和冲淤剖面分析,并于2002年5月~2005年7月在长江三角洲前缘的南汇岸段进行逐日潮滩高程测量,以进行三峡水库蓄水前后滩面冲淤的对比。结果表明：尽管气候变化导致流域平均降水量以及大通径流量和输沙率存在2~3年和8~9年的波动周期 (P < 0.05),但大通输沙率从1960年代末开始出现明显的下降趋势 (P< 0.001),三峡工程运行后的2003年 (6月开始蓄水) 和2004年连续2年创历史新低,流域水库的修建是导致这一下降趋势的根本原因。长江来沙量的锐减正在导致三角洲前缘滩涂从淤涨向侵蚀转化。预测认为：流域人类活动还将继续导致长江入海泥沙量的下降,今后几十年的大通输沙率将从目前的 1.5×10⁸ ~2×10⁸ t/a下降到1×10⁸ t/a左右;泛长江三角洲海岸滩涂资源将面临严峻挑战。

关键词: 河流入海泥沙, 海岸滩涂, 三角洲, 长江

Abstract:

The periodicity and trends of 1951-2004 time series of water and sediment discharges at Datong Station and precipitation in the catchment were analyzed using wavelet method. Bathymetric data were processed for coastal area and profile using Arc-GIS software. A typical intertidal flat was daily measured from May 2002 to August 2005 for comparison of bed level between pre- and post-impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results indicate that the sediment discharge shows a decreasing trend from the late 1960s (P < 0.001) while it varies in periods of 2-3 years and 8-9 years together with water discharge and precipitation. The decreasing trend is attributed mainly to dam construction while the periodicity is attributed to climate variability. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sediment discharge was reduced to the lowest level in the history. As a result of the drastic decrease in riverine sediment supply, the delta is transforming from progradation to recession. The sediment supply from the Yangtze is forecasted to decrease from 1.5×10⁸-2×10⁸ t/a at the present to -1×10⁸ t/a in the coming decades, which will result in crisis of coastal resources.

Key words: sediment discharge, intertidal tidal flat, delta, Yangtze River

李明, 杨世伦, 李鹏, 刘哲, 戴仕宝, 郜昂, 张经. 长江来沙锐减与海岸滩涂资源的危机[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(3): 282-288.

LI Ming, YANG Shilun, LI Peng, LIU Zhe, DAI Shibao, GAO Ang, ZHANG Jing. Drastic Decrease in Sediment Supply from Yangtze River and Coastal Crisis[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(3): 282-288.

参考文献

[1] Goodwin P, Mehta A J, Zedler J B. Coastal wetland restoration: an introduction. J. Coastal Res., 2001, 27: 1-6.

[2] Trenhaile A S. Coastal Dynamics and Landforms. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 1997. 366.

[3] Fanos A M. The impact of human activities on the erosion and accretion of the Nile delta coast. Journal of Coastal Research, 1995, 11(3): 821-833.

[4] Stanley D J, Warne A G. Nile delta in its destruction phase. Journal of Coastal Research, 1998, 14(3): 794-825.

[5] Coleman J M, Robert H H, Stone G W. Mississippi River delta: an overview. Journal of Coastal Research, 1998, 14: 698-716.

[6] Carriquiry J D, Sánchez A, Camacho-Ibar V F. Sedimentation in the northern Gulf of California after cessation of the Colorado River discharge. Sedimentary Geology, 2001, 144(1-2): 37-62.

[7] Sánchez-Arcilla A, Jiménez J A, Valdemoro H I. The Ebro Delta: morphodynamics and vulnerability. Journal of Coastal Research, 1998, 14(3): 754-772.

[8] Batalla R J, Gómez C M, Kondolf G M. River impoundment and changes in flow regime. Ebro River basin, northeastern Spain. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 290: 117-136.

[9] Xu Jiongxin. The Yellow River Mouth extension since 1194 as influenced by human activities. Progress in Geography, 2001, 20: 1-9.
[许炯心. 人类活动对公元1194年以来黄河河口延伸速率的影响. 地理科学进展, 2001, 20: 1-9.]

[10] Yang Z S, Wang H J, Saito Y et al. Phase change of the modern Huanghe delta evolution since its last end channel shift in 1976 (and its phase change). In: Thanawat Jarupongsakul, Yoshiki Saito (eds.), 5th International Conference on Asian Marine Geology, AGCP-475 DeltaMAP and APN Mega-Delta, January 13-18, 2004, Bangkok, Thailand. 256.

[11] Qian Chunlin. Effects of the water conservancy projects in the Luanhe River Basin on Luanhe River Delta, Hebei Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1994, 49(2): 158-166.
[钱春林. 引滦工程对滦河三角洲的影响. 地理学报, 1994, 49(2): 158-166.]

[12] Luo Xianlin, Li Chunchu, Luo Zhangren. Erosion and abandonment of the Nandu River Delta, Hainan Island. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2000, 22(3): 55-60.
[罗宪林, 李春初, 罗章仁. 海南岛南渡江三角洲的废弃与侵蚀. 海洋学报, 2000, 22(3): 55-60.]

[13] Eisma D. Intertidal Deposits: River Mouths, Tidal Flats and Coastal Lagoons. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1998. 459.

[14] Li B, Li C, Shen H. A preliminary study on sediment flux in the Changjiang Delta during the postglacial period. Science in China (Series D), 2003, 46(7): 743-752.

[15] Chen Jiyu, Wang Baocan, Liu Cangzi. Coastal geomorphology in China. In: Chen Jiyu, Wang Baocan, Yu Zhiying (eds.), Developments and Evolution of China's Coast. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1989. 18-48.
[陈吉余, 王宝灿, 刘苍字. 中国海岸地貌. 见: 陈吉余, 王宝灿, 虞志英主编, 中国海岸发育过程和演变规律. 上海: 上海科技出版社, 1989. 18-48.]

[16] Hu Fangxi, Gu Guochuan, Han Mingbao et al. Characteristics of tides, currents and sediment transportation in Wenzhou Region. In: Chen Jiyu, Wang Baocan, Yu Zhiying (eds.), Developments and Evolution of China's Coast. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, 1989. 403-415.
[胡方西、谷国传、韩明宝等. 温州海区潮汐、水流及泥沙流基本特征．见：陈吉余, 王宝灿, 虞志英主编, 中国海岸发育过程和演变规律. 上海: 上海科技出版社, 1989. 403-415.]

[17] Davies J L. A morphogenic approach to world shorelines. Zeit. fur Geomorph., 1964, 8: 127-142.

[18] Yang Shilun, Fu Dejian, Chen Xiaohua et al. Tides and tide-dominated coasts. In: Yang Shilun (ed.), An Introduction to Coastal Environments and Geomorphological Processes. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2003. 87-115.
[杨世伦, 傅德健, 陈小华. 潮汐和潮汐作用为主的海岸. 见: 杨世伦主编, 海岸环境和地貌过程导论. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003. 87-115.]

[19] Yang Shilun. Coastal wetland. In: Yang Shilun (ed.), An Introduction to Coastal Environments and Geomorphological Processes. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2003. 171-186.
[杨世伦. 海岸湿地. 见: 杨世伦主编, 海岸环境和地貌过程导论. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2003. 171-186.]

[20] Yang S L, Zhao Q Y, Belkin I M. Temporal variation in the sediment load of the Yangtze River and the influences of the human activities. Journal of Hydrology, 2002, 263: 56-71.

[21] Torrence C, Compo G P. A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1998, 79: 61-78.

[22] Yang S L, Friedrichs C T, Ding P X et al. Morphological response of the outer Yangtze River Mouth to major storms. Estuaries, 2003, 26(6): 1416-1425.

[23] Dima M, Rimbu N, Dima I. Arctic oscillation variability generated through inter-ocean interactions. Geophys. Res. Letters, 2002, 29. doi: 10.1029/2002GL014717.

[24] Yang S L, Zhang J, Zhu J et al., 2005. Impact of dams on Yangtze River sediment supply to the sea and delta intertidal wetland response. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110(F03006). doi: 10.102912004JF000271.

[25] Yang S L, Ding P X, Chen S L. Changes in progradation rate of the tidal flats at the mouth of the Changjiang River, China. Geomorphology, 2001, 38: 167-180.

[26] Yang Shilun, He Songlin. The formation and evolution of the Jiuduansha tidal island as well as their relation to the development of the north and south passages in the Yangtze River Estuary. The Ocean Enigeering, 1998, 16(4): 55-65.
[杨世伦, 贺松林. 长江口九段沙的形成演变及对南北槽发育的影响. 海洋工程, 1998, 16(4): 55-65.]

[27] Yu Zhiying, Lou Fei. The evolvement characteristics of Nanhuizui foreland in the Changjiang Estuary, China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2004, 26(3): 47-53.
[虞志英, 楼飞. 长江口南汇嘴近岸海床近期演变分析: 兼论长江流域来沙量变化的影响. 海洋学报, 2004, 26(3): 47-53.]

[28] Manabe S, Milly P C D, Wetherald R. Simulated long-term changes in river discharge and soil moisture due to global warming. Hydrol. Sci. J., 2004, 49(4): 625-642.

[29] Arora V K, Boer G J. Effects of simulated climate change on the hydrology of major river basins. J. Geophys. Res., 2001, 106(D4): 3335-3348.

[30] Xu J X. Sediment flux to the sea as influenced by changing human activities and precipitation: example of the Yellow River, China. Environ. Manage., 2003, 31(3): 328-341.

[31] Li Jiufa, Wan Xinning, Chen Xiaohua et al. Coastal land resources in Shanghai with analysis on their sustainable exploitation. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2003, 12(1): 17-22.
[李九发, 万新宁, 陈小华等. 上海滩涂后备土地资源及其可持续开发途径. 长江流域资源与环境, 2003, 12(1): 17-22.]

长江来沙锐减与海岸滩涂资源的危机

Drastic Decrease in Sediment Supply from Yangtze River and Coastal Crisis

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	柴元方, 邓金运, 杨云平, 孙昭华, 李义天, 朱玲玲. 长江中游荆江河段同流量—水位演化特征及驱动成因[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(1): 101-113.
[2]	方世敏, 黄琰. 长江经济带旅游效率与规模的时空演化及耦合协调[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(8): 1757-1772.
[3]	杨霄. 1570—1971年长江镇扬河段江心沙洲的演变过程及原因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1512-1522.
[4]	华凯,程和琴,郑树伟. 长江口横沙通道近岸冲刷地貌形成机制[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(7): 1363-1373.
[5]	严鑫,孙昭华,谢翠松,夏军强. 基于经验模型的长江口南支上段压咸临界流量[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(5): 935-947.
[6]	姚振兴, 陈庆强, 杨钦川. 20世纪50年代中期以来崇明岛东部盐沼发育对长江入海泥沙的响应[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 572-585.
[7]	陈雯,王珏,孙伟. 基于成本—收益的长三角地方政府的区域合作行为机制案例分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(2): 312-322.
[8]	何磊,叶思源,袁红明,薛春汀. 黄河三角洲利津超级叶瓣时空范围的再认识[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 146-161.
[9]	李一鸣,张国安,游博文,李占海. 长江河口河槽近期沉积特征及影响因子分析[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 178-190.
[10]	唐见,曹慧群,陈进. 生态保护工程和气候变化对长江源区植被变化的影响量化[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(1): 76-86.
[11]	金贵,邓祥征,赵晓东,郭柏枢,杨俊. 2005-2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率时空格局特征[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(7): 1242-1252.
[12]	陈瑞,李凤全,王天阳,朱丽东,叶玮,周国成. 长江中游新石器时代遗址规模的分布特征[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(3): 474-486.
[13]	张云峰, 张振克, 任航, 高磊, 丁海燕. 近百年来长江口启东嘴潮滩沉积物质来源及定量估算[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(11): 2105-2116.
[14]	陆大道. 长江大保护与长江经济带的可持续发展——关于落实习总书记重要指示,实现长江经济带可持续发展的认识与建议[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(10): 1829-1836.
[15]	闪丽洁,张利平,张艳军,佘敦先,夏军. 长江中下游流域旱涝急转事件特征分析及其与ENSO的关系[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(1): 25-40.