塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析

doi:10.11821/xb200603005

地理学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 262-272.doi: 10.11821/xb200603005

塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析

郝兴明, 陈亚宁, 李卫红

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2005-10-09 修回日期:2006-01-11 出版日期:2006-03-25 发布日期:2006-03-25
通讯作者: 陈亚宁, 博士, 博导, 从事环境与生态学研究。E-mail: chenyn@ms.xib.ac.ca
作者简介:郝兴明 (1978-), 男, 新疆人, 在读博士。主要研究方向为干旱区生态环境。E-mail: hxmmhy@126.com
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新项目; 国家自然科学基金项目(90502004; 30500081)

The Driving Forces of Environmental Change during the Last 50 Years in the Tarim River Basin

HAO Xingming, CHEN Yaning, LI Weihong

Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2005-10-09 Revised:2006-01-11 Online:2006-03-25 Published:2006-03-25
Supported by:
Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90502004; No.30500081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

结合塔里木河流域近50年来水文、植被以及社会经济等方面的资料,采用趋势分析方法估算人为因素对流域地表径流的影响,通过相关和主成分分析等数学方法分析人类活动诸因子与流域地表径流和地下水质之间的关系。研究结果表明,塔里木河上游源流区的地表径流在过去的几十年里没有减少,且有一定程度的增加,塔里木河干流地表径流量减少是人类活动所致;人类活动在1970、1980和1990年代对流域上中游地表径流的影响量分别为41.59%、63.77%和75.15%;由人类活动所导致的地表径流量减少是影响河道水质发生变化的主导因子,而地下水位变化则影响灌区和非灌区地下水水质;塔里木河下游生态系统受损与人类活动直接相关。

关键词: 人类活动, 地表径流, 水质, 地下水位, 主成分分析, 塔里木河

Abstract:

Based on the data of hydrology, vegetation and socio-economy during the last 50 years in the Tarim River Basin, this paper estimated the impact of anthropogenic activities on surface runoff through trend analysis, and measured the relationship between factorsof anthropogenic activities and surface runoff and groundwater quality by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that during the past 50 years the headstream's runoff didn't decrease but increased and the mainstream's runoff decreased due to anthropogenic activities. The proportions of impact of anthropogenic activities on the mainstream's runoff are 41.59%, 63.77% and 75.15% respectively during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The main factor that affects water quality in the watercourse is the decreasing surface runoff induced by anthropogenic activities, and the main factor that affects water quality in irrigated and non-irrigated areas is groundwater level. In fact the ecosystem's degeneration in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is directly correlated with anthropogenic activities.

Key words: anthropogenic activities, runoff, water quality, groundwater level, principal component analysis, Tarim River Basin

郝兴明, 陈亚宁, 李卫红. 塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(3): 262-272.

HAO Xingming, CHEN Yaning, LI Weihong. The Driving Forces of Environmental Change during the Last 50 Years in the Tarim River Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(3): 262-272.

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塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析

The Driving Forces of Environmental Change during the Last 50 Years in the Tarim River Basin

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