气候变化对净生态系统生产力的影响

doi:10.11821/xb200403005

地理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 357-365.doi: 10.11821/xb200403005

气候变化对净生态系统生产力的影响

周涛¹, 史培军¹, 孙睿², 王绍强³

1. 北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京师范大学资源科学研究所,北京 100875；
2. 北京师范大学资源与环境科学系,北京 100875；
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

收稿日期:2003-06-10 修回日期:2003-09-12 出版日期:2004-05-25 发布日期:2004-05-25
作者简介:周涛 (1972-), 男, 博士, 湖南冷水江人, 主要从事土地利用/土地覆被变化与碳循环方面的研究。Email: zhoutao13@263.net
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金主任基金项目(40352004)；自然科学基金面上项目(40371001)

The Impacts of Climate Change on Net Ecosystem Production in China

ZHOU Tao¹, SHI Peijun¹, SUN Rui², WANG Shaoqiang³

1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Resources Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
2. Department of Resource and Environment Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2003-06-10 Revised:2003-09-12 Online:2004-05-25 Published:2004-05-25
Supported by:
Director Fund of Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 40352004; Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40371001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生态系统碳平衡方程以及净第一性生产力 (NPP) 和气候资料反演了1km分辨率的中国土壤异养呼吸系数 (aij),结果表明：aij总体上是东南和东北地区高,西北地区低；和NPP相比,东南沿海和华南的大部分地区的aij值并不大,而在东北北部和东部有大面积的aij高值区。这表明当气候适宜时,这些地区的土壤异养呼吸将具有较大的增长潜力。在假定气温平均升高1.5^oC,降水平均增加5%的情景下,对中国净生态系统生产力 (NEP) 的研究表明：生态系统与大气的碳通量都有所增加,其中NPP平均增加了6.2%,土壤异养呼吸平均增加了5.5％,不同生态系统的NEP存在很大的差异,其中最稳定最有潜力的自然生态系统的碳汇是北方落叶针叶林；对人工植被而言,最多最稳定的碳汇是一年一熟作物；而双季稻连作喜温作物和单 (双) 季稻连作喜凉作物生态系统起着较稳定的碳源作用。

关键词: 土壤异养呼吸；净初级生产量；净生态系统生产力；气候变化；中国

Abstract:

Many factors can impact RH, but up to now most of the researches only consider the climatic factors such as temperature and soil moisture or precipitation. The impacts of soil properties on RH have been ignored, so the models' effect is not as good in large area where soil properties vary greatly as in small area where soil properties vary less. The coefficient of soil heterotrophic respiration reflected the influence of soil properties on RH. Based on carbon balance equations of ecosystems, the 1-km resolution's soil heterotrophic respiration coefficient (aij) in China has been calculated by using net primary production (NPP) of ecosystems and observed climate data. The results show that the value of aij as a whole, is larger in Southeast and Northeast China than that in Northwest China. Compared with the NPP's distribution throughout the country, the value of aij in most parts of Southeast China is not large, but it is large in vast area of Northeast and East China, which indicates that the soil heterotrophic respiration has great increase potential in these regions if climate becomes favorable. And then, the authors simulate the carbon flux change between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere on the hypothesis of climate change, the average temperature is 1.5^oC higher and average precipitation is 5% more. The results show that both fluxes from atmosphere to terrestrial and from terrestrial to atmosphere increase. The rate of average increase of NPP and soil heterotrophic respiration is about 6.2% and 5.5% respectively. The most powerful natural ecosystem which could accumulate carbon is needle-leaved deciduous forest, and the most powerful agricultural ecosystem which could accumulate carbon is one crop per year. On the contrary, the double cropping rice followed by a cool-loving crop per year and the double cropping rice followed by a thermophilous crop per year are potential carbon sources.

Key words: soil heterotrophic respiration, NPP, net ecosystem production, climate, China

周涛,史培军,孙睿,王绍强. 气候变化对净生态系统生产力的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2004, 59(3): 357-365.

ZHOU Tao, SHI Peijun, SUN Rui, WANG Shaoqiang. The Impacts of Climate Change on Net Ecosystem Production in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004, 59(3): 357-365.

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气候变化对净生态系统生产力的影响

The Impacts of Climate Change on Net Ecosystem Production in China

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