地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 239-248.doi: 10.11821/xb200402010

• 气候变化与水环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

洞庭湖环境系统变化对水文情势的响应

李景保1, 秦建新1, 王克林2, 梁成军1, 袁华斌3   

  1. 1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院，长沙 410081；
    2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所，长沙 410125；
    3. 湖南城市学院，益阳 413000
  • 收稿日期:2003-08-28 修回日期:2003-12-10 出版日期:2004-03-25 发布日期:2004-03-25
  • 作者简介:李景保, (1951-), 男, 湖南桂阳人, 副教授。主要从事水文水资源与灾害方面的研究, 发表论文50多篇, 出版专著 (含合著) 5部。
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-SW-415)

The Response of Environment System Changes of Dongting Lake to Hydrological Situation

LI Jingbao1, QIN Jianxin1, WANG Kelin2, LIANG Chengjun1, YUAN Huabin3   

  1. 1. College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
    2. Institute of Subtropical Agricultural, CAS, Changsha 410125, China;
    3. Hunan City College, Yiyang 413000, China
  • Received:2003-08-28 Revised:2003-12-10 Online:2004-03-25 Published:2004-03-25
  • Supported by:

    Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-SW-415

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被引次数

73

摘要：

为全面揭示洞庭湖近数十年的水情异常与成因，将湖区视作一个大系统来研究。经水位~流量关系等多种方法研究表明：(1)入湖四水尾闾同水位流量减少1 200~2 800 m3/s，同流量水位抬高0.49~1.28 m；(2) 荆江三口分水比减少19.2%，分沙比减少25.1%；(3) 澧水、松滋、南洞庭湖等主洪道的水位流量关系均发生了较大变化；(4) 天然调蓄能力下降40%，湖口同流量水位抬高1.80~2.50 m；(5) 7~8月湖垸关系常处于危急状态。其主要原因是泥沙淤积恶性循环，导致了湖泊环境系统功能的变化，而由下荆江3处裁弯所引起的江湖水沙调整则加速了其变化过程。这些变化过程对水情的复合响应是：入湖水沙呈逐渐减少趋势变化，洪水位普遍抬高1.50~1.80 m，湖口有时出现江水倒流，洪水涨率增大，高洪水位持续时间长等异常水文现象，且给湖区造成了巨大的洪水压力。

关键词: 洞庭湖；水位流量；泥沙淤积；水文响应

Abstract:

To fu1ly reveal the water abnormity and its formative causes in Dongting Lake during recent decades, this paper takes Dongting Lake as a big system. Researches through a variety of methods such as the relation between water-level and runoff show: (1) The runoff on the same water-level reduces 1200 m3/s-2800 m3/s in the lower reaches of the four rivers flowing into the lake, the water-level with the same runoff runs up 0.49 m-1.28 m; (2) The dividing-water ratios of the three bayous of the Jingjiang River reduces by 19.2%, and the dividing-sand ratios 25.1%; (3) Great changes have taken place in the relation between water-level and runoff in the main flooding roads such as Li River, Songzi and southern Dongting Lake etc.; (4) The natural regulation and storage capacity fall off by 40%, the water-level with the same runoff at the bayous drives up 1.80 m-2.50 m; (5) The relation between lake and protective embankment is often at hazard during the period of July and August. The main reason is that the filling-up of mud-sand arises a vicious circle which leads to environmental function changes of the lake system, and the water-sand adjustment from the three curve-cuttings on the lower reaches of Jingjiang River accelerates the change process.

Key words: Dongting Lake, water-level &, runoff, sediment deposition, hydrological response