地理学报

地理学报 ›› 2003, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 861-869.doi: 10.11821/xb200306009

• 生态系统与地表过程 • 上一篇    下一篇

虚拟水的理论方法及在甘肃省的应用

徐中民1,2, 龙爱华1, 张志强3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 冻土工程国家重点实验室，兰州　730000；
    2. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan;
    3. 中国科学院资源环境科学信息中心，兰州　730000
  • 收稿日期:2003-05-11 修回日期:2003-09-10 出版日期:2003-11-25 发布日期:2003-11-25
  • 作者简介:徐中民 (1973-), 男, 湖南长沙人, 副研究员, 主要从事生态经济方面的研究。E-mail: xzmin@ns.lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(40235053)；国家自然科学基金项目(40201019)

Virtual Water Consumption Calculation and Analysis of Gansu Province in 2000

XU Zhongmin1,2, LONG Aihua1, ZHANG Zhiqiang3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, CAREERI, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan;
    3. Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2003-05-11 Revised:2003-09-10 Online:2003-11-25 Published:2003-11-25
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40235053; No.40201019

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被引次数

414

摘要：

水资源短缺问题是中国西北地区面临的突出问题，解决西北地区水资源短缺问题必须要有新的思路。虚拟水是水问题与水资源安全研究中的新概念，是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量。虚拟水战略是指缺水国家或地区通过贸易的方式从富水国家或地区购买水密集型产品 (尤其是粮食) 来获得本地水和粮食的安全，将水短缺问题的解决途径扩展到社会经济系统，人口—粮食—贸易之间的连接关系是虚拟水战略分析的主线。作者引入了虚拟水的概念，并简要介绍了当前国际研究的进展情况和计算方法。结合甘肃省的实际情况，初步计算得到2000年甘肃省生产产品中和城乡居民消费的产品中的虚拟水含量分别为222.02×108m3和183.75×108m3，分别是实体水资源利用量的1.8和1.5倍。分析了虚拟水战略的政策影响和虚拟水战略的优缺点，指出了在虚拟水理论与应用方面需要焏待开展的研究内容。

关键词: 虚拟水, 虚拟水贸易, 虚拟水战略, 水资源管理, 政策影响, 甘肃省

Abstract:

In this paper, we firstly introduce the concept of virtual water, discuss its role in managing water resources and its social, economic, and political implications. Virtual water strategy means countries or regions whose water is scarce achieve their water security and food security by importing water-intensive products from those whose water is abundant, which expands the solution of water resource scarcity to the political-economic system. The particular linkage of population, food, and trade has been the masterstroke of virtual water strategy research. Secondly, we present the methodology to assess the virtual water content in crop and livestock products, and take Gansu as a case to analyse the virtual water content in product and circulating field. Owing to lack of rigorous statistical data of trade among provinces, the above results are then combined with the index of consumption amount of product to get a picture of virtual water circulation in social-economic system of the province. The calculation results show that the total product-related and consumption-related virtual water amount is estimated to be 222.02×108 m3 and 183.75×108 m3 respectively. Thirdly, we discuss the political implications and potential applicability of virtual water associated with water security, economic benefit and consumption structure in Gansu, and examine the advantage and disadvantage of virtual water strategy. The results show that virtual water trade is an instrument to achieve water security and efficient water use. A linkage between consumption patterns and the impacts on water is made.

Key words: virtual water, virtual water trade, virtual water strategy, Gansu